Browse the glossary using this index

Special | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | ALL

Page:  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  ...  82  (Next)
  ALL

A

A3

A way of thinking and a systematic problem-solving process that collects the pertinent information on a single A3-size sheet of paper

AC

Actual Cost

هزینه واقعی

Acceptance Criteria

A set of conditions that is required to be met before deliverables are accepted.

معيارهای پذيرش: مجموعه ای از  شرایط که لازم است قبل از پذیرش دستاوردها/تحویل دادنی ها برآورده گردد. 

Acceptance Criteria


Acceptance Test-Driven Development (ATDD)

A method of collaboratively creating acceptance test criteria that are used to create acceptance tests before delivery begins

Accepted Deliverables

Products, results, or capabilities produced by a project and validated by the project customer or sponsors as meeting their specified acceptance criteria.

دستاوردها یا تحویل دادنی‌های پذیرفته شده: محصولات، نتایج یا قابلیت‌هایی که توسط یک پروژه تولید شده و توسط مشتری یا حامیان پروژه صحه گذاری شده اند چراکه معیارهای پذیرش مشخص‌شده‌شان را برآورده کرده است.


Accuracy

Within the quality management system, accuracy is an assessment of correctness.

صحت، درستی: در سیستم مدیریت کیفیت، صحت به معنی ارزیابی درستی است.



Acquire Resources

The process of obtaining team members, facilities, equipment, materials, supplies, and other resources necessary to complete project work.

جذب منابع: فرآیند به دست آوردن اعضای تیم، امکانات، تجهیزات، مواد، لوازم و سایر منابع لازم برای تکمیل کار پروژه.

Acquisition

Obtaining human and material resources necessary to perform project activities. Acquisition implies a cost of resources and is not necessarily financial.

جذب، تأمین، اکتساب، حصول: جذب یا تأمین منابع انسانی و مادی لازم برای انجام فعالیت های پروژه. جذب/اکتساب مستلزم هزینه منابع است و لزوماً مالی نیست.

Active Listening

The act of listening completely with all senses so as to pick up all of the information that is being communicated. Active listening entails paraphrasing or reciting back what is heard to ensure accurate understanding of what has been stated.

Activity

A distinct, scheduled portion of work performed during the course of a project.

فعاليت: بخش مشخص و برنامه‌ریزی شده‌ای از کار انجام شده در طول یک پروژه.

Activity Actual Cost (AC)

The realized cost incurred for the work performed on an activity during a specific time period. See also budget at completion (BAC), earned value (EV), estimate at completion (EAC), estimate to complete (ETC), and planned value (PV).

Activity Actual Duration

The total number of work periods, in calendar units, between the activity actual start date of the schedule activity and either the data date of the schedule model, if the schedule activity is in progress, or the activity actual finish date, if the schedule activity is complete. See also actual duration.

Activity Actual Finish Date

The point in time at which a schedule activity is completed.

Activity Actual Start Date

The point in time at which a schedule activity began.

Activity Attributes

Multiple attributes associated with each schedule activity that can be included within the activity list. Activity attributes include activity codes, predecessor activities, successor activities, logical relationships, leads and lags, resource requirements, imposed dates, constraints, and assumptions.

صفات فعالیت، ویژگی‌های فعاليت، مشخصات فعالیت: چندین ویژگی مرتبط با هر فعالیت که می‌تواند در فهرست فعالیت گنجانده شود. ویژگی‌های فعالیت شامل کدهای فعالیت، فعالیت‌های پیشین، فعالیت‌های پسین، روابط منطقی، همپوشانی‌ها و تأخیرها، منابع مورد نیاز، تاریخ‌های تحمیلی، محدودیت‌ها و فرضیات است.


PDF document MyRastak-Activity Attributes-F.pdf
PDF document MyRastak-Activity Attributes-E.pdf

Activity Calendar

The project calendar or another specifically defined calendar from the calendar library assigned to the schedule activity that defines the work periods and nonwork periods in calendar format; used to replace the project calendar during schedule network analysis. See also calendar library.

Activity Code

An alphanumeric value assigned to each activity that enables classifying, sorting, and filtering.

Activity Cost Category

A breakdown of the cost, such as labor cost, equipment cost, and material cost.

Activity Cost Estimate

The projected cost of the schedule activity that includes the cost for all resources required to perform and complete the activity, including all cost types and cost components.

Activity Cumulative Probability Risk Distribution

A table of dates and their associated cumulative probabilities of occurrence for schedule activity completion.

Activity Current Finish Date

See activity scheduled finish date.

Activity Current Start Date

See activity scheduled start date.

Activity Description (AD)

A short phrase or label for each schedule activity, used in conjunction with an activity identifier to differentiate a project schedule activity from other schedule activities. Also known as activity name or activity title.

Activity Diagram

A type of process model that visually shows the complex flow of use cases. Activity diagrams are similar to process flows in syntax, however they commonly show user and system interactions in one diagram and mirror the textual description of use cases. See also process flow.

Activity Duration

The time in calendar units between the start and finish of a schedule activity. See also duration.

مدت زمان فعاليت: زمان بین شروع و پایان یک فعالیت که برحسب واحد تقویم مثلا روز، ساعت، هفته بیان می شود.

Activity Duration Estimates

The quantitative assessments of the likely number of time periods that are required to complete an activity.

برآوردهای مدت زمان فعاليت: ارزیابی های کمی تعداد احتمالی دوره های زمانی که برای تکمیل یک فعالیت مورد نیاز است.

Activity Duration Percent Complete

The calculated percentage that the activity actual duration is of the activity total duration for a schedule activity that has work in progress.

Activity Early Finish Date

The earliest possible point in time when the uncompleted portion of the schedule activity can be completed given the assigned resources. See also early finish date.

Activity Early Start Date

The earliest possible point in time when the schedule activity can begin based on the critical path method (CPM) forward pass of schedule model logic. See also early start date.

Activity Effort

The number of units required to complete a schedule activity or work breakdown structure component.

Activity Identifier

An alphanumeric value assigned to an activity and used to differentiate that activity from other activities. See also activity code and activity label.

Activity Label

A phrase that names and describes an activity. See also activity code and activity identifier.

Activity Late Finish Date

The latest possible point in time when the schedule activity can be completed without violating a schedule constraint or delaying the project end date. See also late finish date.

Activity Late Start Date

The latest possible point in time when the schedule activity can begin without violating a schedule constraint or delaying the project end date. See also late start date.

Activity List

A documented tabulation of schedule activities that shows the activity description, activity identifier, and a sufficiently detailed scope of work description so project team members understand what work is to be performed.

لیست فعاليت: یک جدول مستند از فعالیت‌ها که شرح فعالیت، شناسه فعالیت، و محدوده با جزئیات کافی از شرح کار را نشان می‌دهد تا اعضای تیم پروژه بفهمند چه کاری باید انجام شود.

PDF document MyRastak-Activity List-E.pdf
PDF document MyRastak-Activity List-F.pdf

Activity Most Likely Duration

The total number of work periods in calendar units assigned to perform the schedule activity, considering all of the variables that could affect performance; it is determined to be the most probable activity duration.

Activity Name

See activity description.

Activity Note

Documentation of additional supporting information for an activity.

Activity-on-Node (AON)

See precedence diagramming method (PDM).

فعالیت بر روی گره: به روش ترسیم پیش نیازی مراجعه کنید.

Activity Optimistic Duration

The total number of work periods in calendar units assigned to perform the schedule activity, considering all of the variables that could affect performance; it is determined to be the shortest possible activity duration.

Activity Original Duration

The activity duration originally assigned to a schedule activity; this duration is typically not updated as progress is reported on the activity. Used for comparison with activity actual duration and activity remaining duration when reporting schedule progress. The activity original duration is normally developed by reliance on historical data, specialists, resource availability, financial considerations, and volume of work to be performed. Also known as planned duration.

Activity Pessimistic Duration

The total number of work periods in calendar units assigned to perform the schedule activity, considering all of the variables that could affect performance, it is determined to be the longest possible activity duration.

Activity Physical Percent Complete

An estimate, expressed as a percent, of the amount of work that has been completed on a schedule activity, measured in terms of either physical work progress or by means of the earning rules of earned value management.

Activity Planned Finish Date

See activity scheduled finish date.

Activity Planned Start Date

See activity scheduled start date.

Activity Remaining Duration

The total number of work periods, in calendar units, (a) equal to the original duration for an activity that has not started or (b) between the data date of the project schedule and the critical path method (CPM) early finish date of a schedule activity that has an activity actual start date. This represents the time needed to complete a schedule activity where the work is in progress. See also remaining duration.

Activity Resource-Leveled Finish Date

The point in time associated with the activity scheduled finish date of a resource-limited schedule activity in a resource-limited schedule.

Activity Resource-Leveled Start Date

The point in time associated with the activity scheduled start date of a resource-limited schedule activity in a resource-limited schedule.

Activity Risk Criticality Index

The probability that the schedule activity will be on a critical path.

Activity Scheduled Finish Date

The point in time when work was scheduled to complete on a schedule activity. The activity scheduled finish date is normally within the range of dates delimited by the activity early finish date and the activity late finish date. It may reflect resource leveling of scarce resources. Also known as activity planned finish date. See also scheduled finish date.

Activity Scheduled Start Date

The point in time when work was scheduled to begin on a schedule activity. The activity scheduled start date is normally within the range of dates delimited by the activity early start date and the activity late start date. It may reflect resource leveling of scarce resources. Also known as activity planned start date. See also scheduled start date.

Activity Scope Definition

Documented narrative describing the work represented by the activity.

Activity Start Date

A point in time associated with the beginning of the schedule activity in a project. Usually qualified by one of the following: actual, baseline, current, early, late, scheduled, or target. See also start date.

Activity Title

See activity description.

Activity Total Duration

The total number of work periods, in calendar units, to complete a schedule activity. For schedule activities in progress, it includes the activity actual duration plus the activity remaining duration.

Activity Type

A categorization designation that differentiates the discrete schedule activities that have different functions within the schedule model, such as milestone, task, summary, level of effort, and dummy.

Actor

People or other systems that interact with a solution.

Actual Acceptance Result

Contains the pass/fail results from comparing test results against the acceptance criteria.

Actual Cost (AC)

The realized cost incurred for the work performed on an activity during a specific time period.

هزينه واقعی: هزینه تحقق یافته برای کار انجام شده بر روی یک فعالیت در یک دوره زمانی خاص.

EVA - Actual Cost

پادکست عناصر کلیدی سیستم مدیریت ارزش کسب شده (Key Elements of EVMS)

در این پادکست، دکتر علی واحدی دیز به تشریح کامل سه عنصر کلیدی سیستم ارزش کسب شده می‌پردازد. این عناصر عبارتند از PV، EV و AC. این عناصر در ظاهر ساده بوده ولی دارای نکات ظریفی برای اجرا می‌باشند. ممنون از اینکه همراه ما هستید و ما را از سوالات و نظرات خود آگاه می‌کنید.





Actual Cost of Work Performed (ACWP)

See actual cost (AC).

Actual Duration

The time in calendar units between the actual start date of the schedule activity and either the data date of the project schedule if the schedule activity is in progress or the actual finish date if the schedule activity is complete.

مدت زمان واقعی: زمان بر حسب واحدهای تقویمی بین تاریخ شروع واقعی فعالیت و تاریخی که داده‌ها جمع‌آوری شده (اگر فعالیت در حال انجام باشد) یا تاریخ پایان واقعی در صورت تکمیل فعالیت.

Actual Finish Date (AF)

The point in time that work actually ended on a schedule activity. (Note: In some application areas, the schedule activity is considered �finished� when work is �substantially complete.�) See also project actual finish date.

Actual Start Date (AS)

The point in time that work actually started on a schedule activity. See activity actual start date and project actual start date.

Actual Time (AT)

The number of time periods from the start of the project to the project status date.

ACWP

actual cost of work performed

AD

activity duration

Adaptability

The skill of being flexible and willing to adjust how one performs work or goes about approaching a situation as change and new information is encountered.

Adaptive Approach

A development approach in which the requirements are subject to a high level of uncertainty and volatility and are likely to change throughout the project.

رویکرد تطبیقی، رویکرد تطبیق پذیر: رویکرد توسعه‌ای که در آن الزامات در معرض سطح بالایی از عدم قطعیت و نوسان هستند و احتمالاً در طول پروژه تغییر می‌کنند (ترکیبی از رویکرد تکرارپذیر و افزایشی).

Adaptive Approach

Adaptive Life Cycle

A project life cycle that is iterative and incremental.

AF

actual finish date

Affinity Diagram

A diagram that shows large numbers of ideas classified into groups for review and analysis.

نمودار خویشاوندی، نمودار هم‌خانواده: نموداری که تعداد زیادی ایده را نشان می‌دهد که در گروه‌هایی برای بررسی و تجزیه و تحلیل طبقه‌بندی شده‌اند.

Affinity Grouping

The process of classifying items into similar categories or collections on the basis of their likeness.

گروه‌بندی خویشاوندی یا هم‌خانواده: فرآیند طبقه‌بندی اقلام به دسته‌ها یا مجموعه‌های مشابه بر اساس شباهت آنها.


Agile

A term used to describe a mindset of values and principles as set forth in the Agile Manifesto.

چابک، اجایل: اصطلاحی که برای توصیف ذهنیتی از ارزش ها و اصولی که در مانیفست یا بیانیه چابک آمده است استفاده می شود.

Agile Approach

An example of an adaptive project life cycle.

Agile Coach

An individual with knowledge and experience in agile who can train, mentor, and guide organizations and teams through their transformation

Agile Life Cycle

An approach that is both iterative and incremental to refine work items and deliver frequently

Agile Manifesto

The original and official definition of agile values and principles

Agile Mindset

A way of thinking and behaving underpinned by the four values and twelve principles of the Agile Manifesto

Agile Practitioner

A person embracing the agile mindset who collaborates with like-minded colleagues in cross-functional teams. Also referred to as agilist.

Agile Principles

The twelve principles of agile project delivery as embodied in the Agile Manifesto

Agile Unified Process

A simplistic and understandable approach to developing business application software using agile techniques and concepts. It is a simplified version of the Rational Unified Process (RUP).

Agilist

See Agile Practitioner

Agility-driven PMO

A PMO that adopts business agility principles to remain flexible and responsive to changing organizational needs

Agreements

Any document or communication that defines the initial intentions of a project. This can take the form of a contract, memorandum of understanding (MOU), letters of agreement, verbal agreements, email, etc.

توافقات، توافق ها: هر سند یا ارتباطی که اهداف اولیه یک پروژه را مشخص می‌کند. این می‌تواند به شکل یک قرارداد، یادداشت تفاهم (MOU)، توافق نامه‌ها، توافقات شفاهی، ایمیل و غیره باشد.

Alternatives Analysis

A technique used to evaluate identified options in order to select the options or approaches to use to execute and perform the work of the project.

تحلیل آلترناتیوها، تحلیل راه‌کارهای جایگزین: تکنیکی که برای ارزیابی گزینه‌های شناسایی شده مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد تا از بین گزینه‌ها یا رویکردهای مطرح شده، گزینه مناسب برای اجرا انتخاب گردد. مانند انتخاب نرم افزار مناسب، تصمیات درون یا برون سپاری کارها و از این قبیل.

Ambiguity

A state of being unclear, having difficulty in identifying the cause of events, or having multiple options from which to choose.

ابهام: حالتی از نامشخص بودن، مشکل داشتن در شناسایی علت رویدادها، یا داشتن گزینه‌های متعدد برای انتخاب.


Analogous Estimating

A method for estimating the duration or cost of an activity or a project using historical data from a similar activity or project.

برآورد آنالوگ، قیاسی، تشابه: روشی برای تخمین مدت یا هزینه یک فعالیت یا یک پروژه با استفاده از داده های تاریخی یک فعالیت یا پروژه مشابه.

Analogous Estimation

A technique for estimating the duration or cost of an activity or portfolio component, program, or project using historical data from an item having similar characteristics.

Analysis

The process of examining, breaking down, and synthesizing information to further understand, complete, and improve it.

Analysis Approach

Describes how analysis will be performed; how to verify, validate, and prioritize requirements and other product information; how risks will be identified and analyzed; how design options will be assessed; and what techniques and templates are expected to be used to perform analysis.

Analysis Knowledge Area

Includes the processes for examining, breaking down, synthesizing, and clarifying information to further understand it, complete it, and improve it.

Analysis Model

A visual representation of product information. See also product information.

Analytical Resource

A person on the product team who performs business analysis.

Analytical Skills

A set of skills in business analysis that are used to process information of various types and at various levels of detail for the purpose of determining the relevant information from the irrelevant, drawing conclusions, building models, formulating decisions, and specifying requirements.

Analytical Techniques

Various techniques used to evaluate, analyze, or forecast potential outcomes based on possible variations of project or environmental variables and their relationships with other variables.

تکنیک‌های تحلیلی: تکنیک های مختلفی که برای ارزیابی، تجزیه و تحلیل یا پیش بینی نتایج بالقوه بر اساس تغییرات احتمالی متغیرهای پروژه یا محیطی و روابط آنها با سایر متغیرها استفاده می شود.

Anti-Pattern

A known, flawed pattern of work that is not advisable

Apportioned Effort (AE)

The effort applied to project work that is not readily divisible into discrete efforts for that work, but which is related in direct proportion to measurable discrete work efforts. The value for the apportioned effort is determined based on the earned value of the corresponding discrete activity.

Approve

The act of formally confirming, sanctioning, ratifying, or agreeing to something.

Approved Requirement

A requirement that is verified and validated and has been deemed an accurate reflection of what the product development team should build.

Architecture

A method to describe an organization by mapping its essential characteristics, such as people, locations, processes, applications, data, and technology.

Arrow

The graphic presentation of a schedule activity in the arrow diagramming method or a logical relationship between schedule activities in the precedence diagramming method.

Artifact

A template, document, output, or project deliverable.

مصنوع، دست ساخته: یک الگو، سند، خروجی یا اقلام قابل تحویل پروژه.

AS

actual start date

As-Built Documentation

Analysis and design documentation that has been updated to correspond to a released product.

As-of Date

See data date (DD).

Assemble Business Case

The process of synthesizing well-researched and analyzed information to support the selection of the best portfolio components, programs, or projects to address the business goals and objectives.

Assess Business Analysis Performance

The process of considering the effectiveness of the business analysis practices in use across the organization, typically in the context of considering the ongoing deliverables and results of a portfolio component, program, or project.

Assess Current State

The process of examining the current environment under analysis to understand important factors that are internal or external to the organization, which may be the cause or reason for a problem or opportunity.

Assessment of Business Value

The result of comparing expected business value for a solution against actual value that has been realized.

Assess Product Design Options

The process of identifying, analyzing, and comparing solution design options based on the business goals and objectives, expected costs of implementation, feasibility, and associated risks and using the results of this assessment to provide recommendations regarding the design options presented.

Assumption

A factor in the planning process that is considered to be true, real, or certain, without proof or demonstration.

فرضيات: عاملی که در فرآیند برنامه‌ریزی بدون اثبات یا دلایل واقعی، درست، واقعی یا قطعی در نظر گرفته می‌شود. مانند نرخ تورم 20% برای سال آینده، قیمت دلار برای سال آینده.

Assumption and Constraint Analysis

An assessment that ensures assumptions and constraints are integrated into the project plans and documents, and that there is consistency among them.

تحلیل فرضیات و محدودیت‌ها: یک ارزیابی که تضمین می‌کند فرضیات و محدودیت‌ها با برنامه‌ها و اسناد پروژه یکپارچه شده‌ و بین آنها سازگاری وجود دارد.

Assumption Log

A project document used to record all assumptions and constraints throughout the project.

فهرست فرضیات، لیست فرضیات: سندی در پروژه که برای ثبت تمام فرضیات و محدودیت‌ها در طول پروژه استفاده می‌شود.

PDF document MyRastak-AssumptionLog-E.pdf
PDF document MyRastak-AssumptionLog-F.pdf

AT

actual time

ATDD

acceptance test-driven development

Attribute Sampling

Method of measuring quality that consists of noting the presence (or absence) of some characteristic (attribute) in each of the units under consideration.

نمونه برداری وصفی: روشی در اندازه‌گیری کیفیت که شامل بررسی وجود (یا عدم وجود) برخی مشخصه‌ها (ویژگی) در هر یک از واحدهای مورد بررسی است. مانند تعداد تیوب‌های پنچر یا سالم. تعداد لامپ‌های سالم یا سوخته. 

Authority

The right to apply project resources, expend funds, make decisions, or give approvals.

اختیار: حق استفاده از منابع پروژه، صرف بودجه، تصمیم گیری یا تصویب.

Authorization

The process of approving, funding, and communicating the authorization for initiating work on a component included in a portfolio.

Authorize Portfolio

Process of allocating resources execute selected portfolio components and to formally communicate portfolio-balancing decisions.

Autocratic Decision Making

An approach for making decisions where one individual makes the decision for the group.

Automated Code Quality Analysis

The scripted testing of code base for bugs and vulnerabilities

Automated Regression Testing

Tool-supported validation used after changes are made to a software system to ensure those changes did not unintentionally alter the system in some other way.

Awareness building

The initial step in the value-generating PMO flywheel focused on educating stakeholders about the PMO’s role, capabilities, and potential value

B

BA

business analyst

BAC

Budget At Completion

بودجه تکمیل کار یا پروژه

Backbone

A foundational part of a story map representing the minimum set of capabilities that absolutely are required to be in the first release for the solution to serve its purpose. That set of capabilities or user stories is sometimes called the minimum viable product. See also story mapping.

Backlog

An ordered list of work to be done.

بک لاگ، فهرست کارها: فهرست اولویت‌بندی شده از کارهایی که باید انجام شوند.

Backlog

Backlog Details

Backlog Management

See backlog refinement.

Backlog Refinement

The progressive elaboration of project requirements and/or the ongoing activity in which the team collaboratively reviews, updates, and writes requirements to satisfy the need of the customer request.

Backlog Refinement

Progressive elaboration of the content in the backlog and (re)prioritization of it to identify the work that can be accomplished in an upcoming iteration.

پالایش فهرست کارها، به روزرسانی بک لاگ: وضوح تدریجی محتویات موجود در بک لاگ (فهرست کارها) و (دوباره) اولویت‌بندی آن برای تعیین کارهایی که لازم است در تکرار/فاز/اسپرینت بعدی انجام شود.

Backlog Refinement or Grooming


Backsliding

A circumstance in a burndown chart where the remaining quantity of what is being tracked increases over time.

Backward Pass

A critical path method technique for calculating the late start and late finish dates by working backward through the schedule model from the project end date.

حركت پسروی: تکنیکی از روش مسیر بحرانی برای محاسبه دیرترین تاریخ‌های شروع و پایان هر فعالیت/کار است که در مدل/شبکه زمانبندی پروژه از تاریخ پایان پروژه به عقب برمی‌گردیم.

CPM Backward Pass

Backward Traceability

A technique that establishes the relationship of a requirement to the scope, business goals, or business objectives from which it originated.

Bar

A rectangular-shaped, graphical display object used to represent the occurrence of a data component in a document, such as a schedule activity in a bar chart whose length is determined by the activity start and end dates corresponding to the timescale used for the bar chart. Bars can overlap or be displayed side by side to indicate progress or baselines.

Bar Chart

A graphic display of schedule-related information. In the typical bar chart, schedule activities or work breakdown structure components are listed down the left side of the chart, dates are shown across the top, and activity durations are shown as date-placed horizontal bars. See also Gantt chart.

نمودار میله‌ای، نمودار گانت: نمایش گرافیکی اطلاعات مربوط به زمان‌بندی. در نمودار میله‌ای معمولی، فعالیت‌ها یا اجزای ساختار شکست کار در سمت چپ نمودار فهرست شده‌اند، تاریخ‌ها در بالای صفحه نشان داده می‌شوند، و مدت زمان فعالیت به صورت میله‌های افقی در طول زمان نشان داده می‌شوند. نمودار گانت را نیز ببینید.


Baseline

The approved version of a work product, used as a basis for comparison to actual results.

مبنا: نسخه تایید شده یک محصول کاری که به عنوان مبنایی برای مقایسه با نتایج واقعی استفاده می شود.

Baseline Date

The date on which the current baseline was established. Sometimes used with a modifier, such as project schedule, project scope, or project cost.

Basic Ordering Agreement (BOA)

A Basic Ordering Agreement (BOA) is a pre-negotiated agreement between a buyer and a supplier that sets out the general terms and conditions under which future orders can be placed. It provides a framework for procurement, allowing for streamlined ordering processes without the need to renegotiate terms for each new order.

Purpose

  • Streamline Procurement: Simplify the ordering process by establishing pre-approved terms and conditions.
  • Flexibility: Allow for the issuance of individual orders or delivery orders under the general terms of the BOA.
  • Efficiency: Reduce administrative burden and negotiation time for each order.
  • Consistency: Ensure consistency in terms and conditions for all orders placed under the agreement.

Basis of Estimates

Supporting documentation outlining the details used in establishing project estimates such as assumptions, constraints, level of detail, ranges, and confidence levels.

پایه و اساس برآورد، مبانی برآورد: اسناد پشتیبان شامل جزئیات مورد استفاده در ایجاد برآوردهای پروژه مانند فرضیات، محدودیت‌ها، سطح جزئیات، دامنه‌ها و سطوح اطمینان.

BDD

behavior-driven development

Behavior-Driven Development (BDD)

A system design and validation practice that uses test-first principles and English-like scripts.

Behavior-Driven Development (BDD)

An approach that suggests the team begins with understanding how the user will use a product (its behavior), writes tests for that behavior, and then constructs solutions against the tests.

Benchmarking

The comparison of actual or planned products, processes, and practices to those of comparable organizations to identify best practices, generate ideas for improvement, and provide a basis for measuring performance.

الگوبرداری، بهینه کاوی: مقایسه محصولات، فرآیندها و شیوه‌های واقعی یا برنامه‌ریزی شده با سازمان‌های قابل مقایسه برای شناسایی بهترین شیوه‌ها، خلق ایده‌هایی برای بهبود، و ارائه مبنایی برای اندازه‌گیری عملکرد.

Benefit

The gains and assets realized by the organization and other stakeholders as the result of outcomes delivered by the solution.

Benefits Analysis and Planning Phase

Establishes the program benefits management plan and develop the benefits metrics and framework for monitoring and controlling both the components and the measurement of benefits within the program.

Benefits Delivery Phase

Ensures that the program delivers the expected benefits, as defined in the benefits management plan.

Benefits Identification Phase

Analyzes the available information about organizational and business strategies, internal and external influences, and program drivers to identify and qualify the benefits that program stakeholders expect to realize.

Benefits Management Plan

The documented explanation defining the processes for creating, maximizing, and sustaining the benefits provided by a project or program.

Benefits Management Plan

The documented explanation defining the processes for creating, maximizing, and sustaining the benefits provided by a project or program.

برنامه مدیریت منافع: شرح مستندی که فرآیندهای ایجاد، به حداکثر رسانی و حفظ منافع ارائه شده توسط یک پروژه یا طرح را تعریف می کند.

Benefits Sustainment Phase

Ongoing maintenance activities performed beyond the end of the program by receiving organizations to assure continued generation of the improvements and outcomes delivered by the program.

Benefits Transition Phase

Program activities that ensure that benefits are transitioned to operational areas and can be sustained once they are transferred.

Bidder Conference

The meetings with prospective sellers prior to the preparation of a bid or proposal to ensure all prospective vendors have a clear and common understanding of the procurement. Also known as contractor conferences, vendor conferences, or pre-bid conferences.

گردهمایی پیشنهاد دهندگان و یا پیمانکاران بالقوه: جلسات با فروشندگان احتمالی قبل از تهیه پیشنهاد یا پروپوزال برای اطمینان از اینکه همه فروشندگان احتمالی درک روشن و مشترکی از آیتم تدارکاتی یا خرید دارند. این رویداد همچنین به عنوان کنفرانس های پیمانکار، کنفرانس های فروشنده یا کنفرانس های پیش از مناقصه شناخته می شود.

Bid Documents

All documents used to solicit information, quotations, or proposals from prospective sellers.

اسناد تداركات، اسناد مناقصه، اسناد خرید: تمام اسنادی که برای درخواست اطلاعات، استعلام‌ها یا پیشنهادات از فروشندگان احتمالی استفاده می‌شوند.

Blended Agile

Two or more agile frameworks, methods, elements, or practices used together such as Scrum practiced in combination with XP and Kanban Method

Blocker

See impediment.

مانع: واژه impediment را ببینید.

Obstacle-Impediment

BOA

Basic Ordering Agreement (BOA)

A Basic Ordering Agreement (BOA) is a pre-negotiated agreement between a buyer and a supplier that sets out the general terms and conditions under which future orders can be placed. It provides a framework for procurement, allowing for streamlined ordering processes without the need to renegotiate terms for each new order.

Purpose

  • Streamline Procurement: Simplify the ordering process by establishing pre-approved terms and conditions.
  • Flexibility: Allow for the issuance of individual orders or delivery orders under the general terms of the BOA.
  • Efficiency: Reduce administrative burden and negotiation time for each order.
  • Consistency: Ensure consistency in terms and conditions for all orders placed under the agreement.

Bottom-Up Estimating

A method of estimating project duration or cost by aggregating the estimates of the lower-level components of the work breakdown structure (WBS).

برآورد پايين به بالا: روشی برای تخمین مدت یا هزینه پروژه با تجمیع برآوردهای اجزای سطح پایین‌تر ساختار شکست کار (WBS).

BPMN

business process modeling notation

Brainstorming

In business analysis, brainstorming is an elicitation technique that is performed in a group setting and led by a facilitator to engage stakeholders to quickly identify a list of ideas for a specific topic in a relatively short time period.

BRD

business requirement documents

Broken Comb

Refers to a person with various depths of specialization in multiple skills required by the team. Also known as Paint Drip. See also T- shaped and I-shaped.

Budget

The approved estimate for the project or any work breakdown structure (WBS) component or any schedule activity.

بودجه: برآورد تایید شده برای پروژه یا هر جزء ساختار شکست کار (WBS) یا هر فعالیت برنامه زمانی.

Budget at Completion (BAC)

The sum of all budgets established for the work to be performed.

بودجه تكميل کار: مجموع تمام بودجه‌های تعیین شده برای انجام کارها.

Budgeted Cost of Work Performed (BCWP)

See earned value (EV).

Buffer

See reserve.

اندوخته، بافر، ذخیره: به واژه ذخیره مراجعه شود.

Burn Chart

A graphical representation of the work remaining in a timebox or the work completed toward the release of a product or project deliverable.

نمودار کار: یک نمایش گرافیکی از کار باقی مانده در یک بازه مشخص زمانی (تایم باکس) یا کار تکمیل شده تا انتشار یک محصول یا اقلام قابل تحویل/دستاوردهای پروژه.


Burndown Chart

A graphical representation of the work remaining versus the time left in a timebox

Burnup Chart

A graphical representation of the work completed toward the release of a product.

Business

In business analysis, the area of an organization that is experiencing a problem or possessing an opportunity along with the desire and interest in and willingness to sponsor changes to address the need.

Business Acumen

The skill of applying business and industry knowledge with decision-making capabilities to make sound decisions.

Business Analysis

The set of activities performed to support delivery of solutions that align to business objectives and provide continuous value to the organization.

Business Analysis Approach

A description of how business analysis processes will be conducted for a portfolio component, program, or project. When following a formal delivery process, the business analysis approaches from each Knowledge Area are included in the business analysis plan. See business analysis plan.

Business Analysis Center of Excellence

An organizational structure created whereby business analysts are managed centrally or are provided mentorship centrally for the purpose of improving the business analysis discipline across the organization. Also called a center of business analysis practice.

Business Analysis Deliverables

Any unique and verifiable result, produced throughout the course of performing business analysis activities, which is provided to team members and stakeholders to perform future work, decision making, or complete a process, phase, or initiative.

Business Analysis Documentation

The set of business analysis information produced as an output of the business analysis work conducted on a portfolio, program, or project. Such output may be comprised of business analysis deliverables, business analysis work products, or a combination thereof.

Business Analysis Methodology

A system of practices, techniques, tools, procedures, and rules used by those who work in the business analysis discipline.

Business Analysis Organizational Standard

Part of organizational process assets, these standards may include expectations for how business analysis is conducted and which tools are used to support business analysis efforts.

Business Analysis Performance Assessment

An evaluation of what has been learned about the effectiveness of the business analysis processes and of the business analysis techniques that have been used.

Business Analysis Performance Metrics

A qualitative or quantitative measure of or inference about the effectiveness of business analysis practices.

Business Analysis Plan

A summary of the choices and process decisions made in the business analysis approaches, including the identification of the business analysis tasks that will be performed, the deliverables that will be produced, and the roles required to perform the work.

Business Analysis Tailoring

The need to adjust which business analysis activities should be performed for projects of varying characteristics.

Business Analyst (BA)

Any resource who is performing the work of business analysis.

Business Architecture

A collection of the business functions, organizational structures, and locations, and processes of an organization, including documents and depictions of those elements. It is usually a subset of the enterprise architecture and is extended with the applications, information, and supporting technology to form a complete blueprint of an organization.

Business Architecture Technique

An organizational framework available to model business architecture, providing different approaches for analyzing various aspects of the business.

Business Capability Analysis

A technique used to analyze performance in terms of processes, people skills, and other resources used by an organization to perform its work. Historical data obtained from analyzing current capabilities are used to understand trends and determine what measures will be helpful guidelines for determining whether a capability is performing as it should be in the current state.

Business Case

A value proposition for a proposed project that may include financial and nonfinancial benefits.

طرح تجاری، سند تجاری، سند کسب و کار، طرح توجیهی: ارزش پیشنهادی برای یک پروژه پیشنهادی که ممکن است شامل منافع مالی و غیر مالی باشد.

Business Data Diagram

See entity relationship diagram.

Business Data Object

For business analysis, a business data object is a grouping of facts that together describe a person, place, thing, or concept of interest to a business. The term business data object is sometimes used interchangeably with business entity. It can also refer to the physical data storage of such groupings.

Business Goal

A broad-based translation of a corporate goal into what the business specifically is seeking to achieve. Business goals should align to the organizational goals.

Business Model Canvas

A one-page, visual summary that describes the value proposition, infrastructure, customers, and finances. These are often used in Lean Startup situations.

بوم مدل کسب و کار: خلاصه تصویری یک صفحه‌ای که ارزش پیشنهادی، زیرساخت، مشتریان و امور مالی (مرتبط با یک ایده کسب و کار) را توصیف می کند. اینها اغلب در موقعیت‌های Lean Startup استفاده می‌شوند.


Business Need

The impetus for a change in an organization based on an existing problem or opportunity. The business need provides the rationale for initiating a portfolio component, program, or project.

Business Objective

Measurable representation of the goals the business is seeking to achieve. Business objectives are specific and should align to the organizational objectives.

Business Objectives Model

A business analysis model that relates the business problems, business objectives, and top-level features.

Business Requirement

A requirement that describes a higher-level need of the organization, such as a business issue or opportunity, the rationale for why an initiative is being undertaken, and a measurable representation of a goal the business is seeking to achieve.

Business Requirement Documents (BRD)

Listing of all requirements for a specific project

Business Rule

A constraint about how the organization wants to operate. These constraints are usually enforced by data and/or processes and are under the jurisdiction of the business.

Business Rules Catalog

A business analysis model that details all of the business rules and their related attributes.

Business Value

The net quantifiable benefit derived from a business endeavor. The benefit may be tangible, intangible, or both. In business analysis, business value is considered the return, in the form of time, money, goods, or intangibles for something exchanged.

Business Value

The net quantifiable benefit derived from a business endeavor that may be tangible, intangible, or both.

ارزش تجاری، ارزش کسب و کار: منفعت خالص قابل سنجش حاصل از یک تلاش تجاری/کسب و کار که ممکن است مشهود/ملموس، ناملموس/نامشهود یا هر دو باشد.

Buy a Feature

A type of collaborative game used to enable a group of stakeholders to agree on prioritization by giving each stakeholder an amount of pretend money to buy their choice of features, splitting the money received across features however desired.

C

CA

control account

Cadence

A rhythm of activities conducted throughout the project.

ریتم، آهنگ، بازه زمانی: ریتم فعالیت‌های انجام شده در طول پروژه.


Cadence

Calendar

Defines periods when work can or cannot occur during a project and the length of the work period, holidays, and exceptions.

Calendar Library

See activity calendar and resource calendar.

Calendar Unit

The smallest unit of time used in scheduling the project. Calendar units are generally in hours, days, or weeks, but can also be in quarter years, months, shifts, or even in minutes.

CAM

control account manager

Capability

The ability to add value or achieve objectives in an organization through a function, process, service, or other proficiency.

Capability Assessment

The internal analysis of what an organization has or does not have and what it can and cannot do with respect to resources.

Capability Framework

A collection of an organization's capabilities, organized into manageable pieces, similar to business architecture.

Capability Table

A table that displays the capabilities needed to solve a problem or seize an opportunity. This tool can show the relationship between a situation, its root causes, and the capabilities needed to address the situation.

Capacity and Capability Analysis

A technique performed to understand the human, financial, and asset capacity and capability of an organization in order to select, fund, and execute portfolio components.

Capacity Management

The processes for managing overall resource demands of portfolios and their components.

Capacity Planning

The analysis of resource needs based on component demand and the available capacity of an organization's resources.

Cardinality

An indication of the quantity of one business data object which is associated with a related business data object. Current usage of the term also includes whether the relationship between the two objects is required or optional.

Category

A predetermined key description used to group potential and authorized components to facilitate further decision making. Categories are linked to components with a common set of strategic goals.

Cause

Events or circumstances that currently exist or are certain to exist in the future, which might give rise to risks.

Cause and Effect Diagram

A decomposition technique that helps trace an undesirable effect back to its root cause.

Cause-and-Effect Diagram

A visual representation that helps trace an undesirable effect back to its root cause.

نمودار علت و معلول، نمودار استخوان ماهی: یک نمایش تصویری که کمک می‌کند از یک اثر نامطلوب به عقب برگشته و علت/علل اصلی آن را ردیابی کنیم (یک نمایش بصری که به ردیابی اثر نامطلوب به علت اصلی آن کمک می کند).

Fishbone or Cause and Effect Diagram

CCB

Change Control Board

کمیته یا هیئت کنترل تغییر(ات)

Change

A modification to any formally controlled deliverable, project management plan component, or project document.

تغییر: اصلاح یا تغییری در یک دستاورد/تحویل دادنی‌، اجزای برنامه مدیریت پروژه، یا سایر اسناد پروژه که بطور رسمی کنترل می‌شوند.

Change Agent

A person who acts as a catalyst for organizational innovation possessing the vision to recognize where and when a change is needed and influencing to bring the change to fruition.

Change Control

A process whereby modifications to documents, deliverables, or baselines associated with the project are identified, documented, approved, or rejected.

کنترل تغییر: فرآیندی که به موجب آن تغییرات در اسناد، دستاوردها/تحویل دادنی‌ها یا مبناهای مرتبط با پروژه شناسایی، مستندسازی، تصویب/تایید یا رد می‌شوند.

Change Control board (CCB)

A formally chartered group responsible for reviewing, evaluating, approving, delaying, or rejecting changes to the project, and for recording and communicating such decisions.

Change Control Board (CCB)

A formally chartered group responsible for reviewing, evaluating, approving, delaying, or rejecting changes to the project, and for recording and communicating such decisions.

کمیته کنترل تغییر(ات): گروه رسمی و دارای مجوز که مسئول بررسی، ارزیابی، تایید، به تاخیر انداختن یا رد تغییرات در پروژه و ثبت و ابلاغ چنین تصمیماتی است.

Change Control Plan

A component of the project management plan that establishes the change control board, documents the extent of its authority and describes how the change control system will be implemented.

برنامه کنترل تغییرات: بخشی از برنامه مدیریت پروژه که کمیته/هیئت کنترل تغییر را ایجاد می‌کند، میزان اختیارات آن را مستند می‌کند و نحوه اجرای سیستم کنترل تغییر را شرح می‌دهد.

توجه: این سند در ویرایش‌های قبلی استاندارد PMBOK با نام Change Management Plan یا برنامه مدیریت تغییر معرفی شده بود.

Change Control System

A set of procedures that describes how modifications to the project deliverables and documentation are managed and controlled.

سیستم کنترل تغییرات: مجموعه‌ای از رویه‌ها که نحوه مدیریت و کنترل تغییرات در دستاوردها/تحویل دادنی‌ها و مستندات پروژه را تشریح می‌کند.

Change Control Tools

Manual or automated tools to assist with change and/or configuration management. At a minimum, the tools should support the activities of the CCB.

ابزارهای کنترل تغییرات: ابزارهای دستی یا خودکار برای کمک به مدیریت تغییر و/یا پیکربندی. حداقل، این ابزارها باید از فعالیت‌های کمیته کنترل تغییرات (CCB) پشتیبانی کنند.

Change Log

A comprehensive list of changes submitted during the project and their current status.

فهرست تغییرات: فهرستی جامع از تغییرات ارائه/ارسال شده در طول پروژه و وضعیت فعلی آنها.

Change Management

A comprehensive, cyclic, and structured approach for transitioning individuals, groups, and organizations from a current state to a future state with intended business benefits.

مدیریت تغییرات: یک رویکرد جامع، چرخه‌ای و ساختاریافته برای انتقال افراد، گروه‌ها و سازمان‌ها از وضعیت فعلی به وضعیت آینده با منافع تجاری مورد نظر.


Change Request

A formal proposal to modify a document, deliverable, or baseline.

درخواست تغییرات: یک پیشنهاد رسمی برای اصلاح یک سند، دستاورد/تحویل دادنی، یا مبنای پروژه.


Change Request Identifier

The primary key value for items in the program change log as related to the schedule model.

Charter

See project charter.

منشور: منشور پروژه را ببینید.

Checklist Analysis

A technique for systematically reviewing materials using a list for accuracy and completeness.

تحلیل چک لیست: تکنیکی برای بررسی سیستماتیک مواد، محصولات ویا اسناد با استفاده از فهرست برای چک کردن صحت و کامل بودن آنها.


Check Sheet

A tally sheet that can be used as a checklist when gathering data.

برگه جمع آوری داده، چوب خط‌ها: برگه آماری که می‌تواند به عنوان چک لیست هنگام جمع آوری داده‌ها استفاده شود.

checksheet

Claim

A request, demand, or assertion of rights by a seller against a buyer, or vice versa, for consideration, compensation, or payment under the terms of a legally binding contract, such as for a disputed change.

کلیم، ادعا: درخواست، تقاضا، یا ادعای حقوق توسط فروشنده در برابر خریدار، یا برعکس، برای پرداخت، غرامت یا پرداخت تحت شرایط یک قرارداد قانونی الزام آور، مانند تغییر مورد مناقشه.

Claims Administration

The process of processing, adjudicating, and communicating contract claims.

مدیریت کلیم‌ها، مدیریت ادعاها، اداره ادعاها: فرآیند رسیدگی، قضاوت و ابلاغ ادعاهای قرارداد.

Close Project or Phase

The process of finalizing all activities for the project, phase, or contract.

خاتمه پروژه يا فاز: فرآیند نهایی کردن و خاتمه تمام فعالیت‌های پروژه، فاز یا قرارداد.

Closing Process Group

The process(es) performed to formally complete or close a project, phase, or contract.

گروه فرآيندی خاتمه: فرآیند(هایی) که برای تکمیل یا بستن رسمی یک پروژه، فاز یا قرارداد انجام می گیرد.

Closing Process Group

CMS

configuration management system

Code of Accounts

A numbering system used to uniquely identify each component of the work breakdown structure (WBS).

كد حساب‌ها، سیستم کدگذاری WBS: یک سیستم شماره گذاری که برای شناسایی منحصر به فرد هر جزء از ساختار شکست کار (WBS) استفاده می شود.

wbs coding

Collaborative Games

A collection of elicitation techniques that foster collaboration, innovation, and creativity to achieve the goal of the elicitation activity.

Collective Code Ownership

A project acceleration and collaboration technique whereby any team member is authorized to modify any project work product or deliverable, thus emphasizing team-wide ownership and accountability

Collect Requirements

The process of determining, documenting, and managing stakeholder needs and requirements to meet project objectives.

جمع‌آوری الزامات: فرآیند تعیین، مستندسازی و مدیریت نیازها و الزامات ذینفعان برای دستیابی به اهداف پروژه.

Colocation

An organizational placement strategy where the project team members are physically located close to one another in order to improve communication, working relationships, and productivity.

همجوار، هم مكان: یک استراتژی چیدمان/مکان یابی/روش استقرار کارکنان سازمانی است که در آن اعضای تیم پروژه به منظور بهبود ارتباطات، روابط کاری و بهره وری در نزدیکی یکدیگر قرار می‌گیرند.

colocation

Communication and Collaboration Tool

A category of tools used in business analysis to effectively work with stakeholders and share and manage information.

Communication Methods

A systematic procedure, technique, or process used to transfer information among project stakeholders.

روشهای ارتباطی: یک رویه، تکنیک یا فرآیند سیستماتیک که برای انتقال اطلاعات بین ذینفعان پروژه استفاده می شود.

Communication Methods

Communication Models

A description, analogy, or schematic used to represent how the communication process will be performed for the project.

مدلهای ارتباطی: یک توصیف، قیاس یا شماتیک که برای نشان دادن نحوه انجام فرآیند ارتباطی برای پروژه استفاده می شود.

Communication Models

Communication Requirements Analysis

An analytical technique to determine the information needs of the project stakeholders through interviews, workshops, the study of lessons learned from previous projects, etc.

تحلیل نیازهای ارتباطی: یک تکنیک تحلیلی برای تعیین نیازهای اطلاعاتی ذینفعان پروژه از طریق مصاحبه‌ها، کارگاه‌ها، مطالعه درس آموخته‌های پروژه‌های قبلی و غیره.

Communication Skills

A collection of skills in business analysis utilized to provide, receive, or elicit information from various sources.

Communications Management Plan

A component of the project, program, or portfolio management plan that describes how, when, and by whom information about the project will be administered and disseminated.

برنامه مديريت ارتباطات: بخشی از برنامه مدیریت پروژه، طرح یا پورتفولیو که تشرح می کند چگونه، چه وقت، و توسط چه کسی اطلاعات مربوط به پروژه اداره و منتشر خواهد شد.

Communication Styles Assessment

A technique to identify the preferred communication method, format, and content for stakeholders for planned communication activities.

ارزیابی سبک‌های ارتباطی: تکنیکی برای شناسایی روش، قالب و محتوای ترجیحی ارتباط با ذینفعان در اقدامات ارتباطی برنامه‌ریزی شده.

Communication Tailoring

Selecting the appropriate method and style of communication to use in a given situation based on factors such as audience (role, internal versus external, individual versus group, etc.) and available communication methods (email, phone, instant message, teleconference, in-person meeting, etc.).

Communication Technology

Specific tools, systems, computer programs, etc , used to transfer information among project stakeholders.

تکنولوژی ارتباطی، فناوری ارتباطی: ابزارها، سیستم‌ها، برنامه‌های کامپیوتری خاص و غیره که برای انتقال اطلاعات بین ذینفعان پروژه استفاده می شود.

Communication Technology

Competitive Analysis

A technique for obtaining and analyzing information about an organization's external environment.

Complexity

A characteristic of a program or project or its environment that is difficult to manage due to human behavior, system behavior, and ambiguity.

پیچیدگی: ویژگی یک طرح یا پروژه یا محیط آن که مدیریت آن به دلیل رفتار انسان، رفتار سیستم و ابهام، دشوار است.


Compliance Standard

See regulatory standard.

Component

A constituent part, element, or piece of a complex whole.

Component Proposal

A recommendation or plan, business case, or feasibility study, developed by stakeholders or sponsors, to introduce or change a portfolio component or components.

Conceptual and Detailed Thinking

The ability to move between analyzing at a high-level view of a problem space and a specific detail or set of details that comprise one aspect of the problem space.

Conduct Business Analysis Planning

The process performed to obtain shared agreement regarding the business analysis activities the team will be performing and the assignment of roles, responsibilities, and skill sets for the tasks required to successfully complete the business analysis work.

Conduct Elicitation

The process of applying various elicitation techniques to draw out information from stakeholders and other sources.

Conduct Procurements

The process of obtaining seller responses, selecting a seller, and awarding a contract.

اجرای تدارکات: فرآیند دریافت پاسخ های فروشنده، انتخاب فروشنده و اعطای قرارداد.

Conduct Stakeholder Analysis

The process of researching and analyzing quantitative and qualitative information about the individuals, groups, or organizations that may impact, are impacted, or are perceived to be impacted by the area under assessment.

Configuration Management

A collection of formal documented processes, templates, and documentation used to apply governance to changes to the solution, or subcomponent being developed.

Configuration Management Plan

A component of the project management plan that describes how to identify and account for project artifacts under configuration control, and how to record and report changes to them.

برنامه مديريت پيكربندی: جزئی از برنامه مدیریت پروژه است که نحوه شناسایی و مراقبت از مصنوعات (اسناد و دستاوردها/تحویل دادنی های) تحت کنترل پیکربندی پروژه و همچنین نحوه ثبت و گزارش تغییرات بر روی آنها را شرح می‌دهد.

Configuration Management Standard

The criteria established for what constitutes compliance with configuration management procedures and their associated systems and tools.

Configuration Management System

A collection of procedures used to track project artifacts and monitor and control changes to these artifacts.

سيستم مديريت پيكربندی: مجموعه ای از رویه های مورد استفاده برای ردیابی مصنوعات پروژه و نظارت و کنترل تغییرات در این مصنوعات (اسناد، دستاوردها/تحویل دادنی های پروژه).

Configuration Management System (CMS)

A collection of procedures used to track artifacts and monitor and control changes to these artifacts.

Confirmation Bias

A type of cognitive bias that confirms preexisting beliefs or hypotheses.

خطای تأیید: نوعی سوگیری شناختی که باورها یا فرضیه های قبلی را تأیید می کند.

Confirmation Bias

Confirmed Elicitation Results

Consist of the business analysis information obtained from completed elicitation activities. Confirmed elicitation results signify that the product team has reached a common understanding and agrees to the accuracy of the information elicited.

Confirm Elicitation Results

The process of performing follow-up activities on the elicitation results, determining an appropriate level of formality to use, reviewing with stakeholders, and comparing to historical information.

Conformance

The degree to which the results meet the set quality requirements.

تطابق، انطباق: درجه ای که نتایج با الزامات کیفی تعیین شده مطابقت دارد.

Constraint

A limiting factor that affects the execution of a project, program, portfolio, or process.

محدودیت: یک عامل محدود کننده که بر اجرای یک پروژه، طرح، پورتفولیو یا فرآیند تأثیر می‌گذارد.

Context Diagram

A visual depiction of the product scope showing a business system (process, equipment, computer system, etc.) and how people and other systems (actors) interact with it.

Context Diagrams

A visual depiction of the product scope showing a business system (process, equipment, computer system, etc), and how people and other systems (actors) interact with it.

نمودارهای مفهومی: تصویری بصری از محدوده محصول که یک سیستم تجاری/کسب و کار (فرآیند، تجهیزات، سیستم کامپیوتری و غیره) و نحوه تعامل افراد و سایر سیستم ها (بازیگران) با آن را نشان می دهد.

Context Diagrams

Contingency

An event or occurrence that could affect the execution of the project, which may be accounted for with a reserve.

احتیاطی، اقتضائی، محض احتیاط، رویداد احتمالی: یک رویداد یا اتفاقی که می‌تواند بر اجرای پروژه تأثیر بگذارد، که ممکن است برای آن یک ذخیره در نظر گرفته شود.

Contingency Plan

A document that describes actions to take if predetermined trigger conditions occur.

Contingency Reserve

Time or money allocated in the schedule or cost baseline for known risks with active response strategies.

ذخیره احتياطی: زمان یا پول تخصیص یافته در مبنای زمانبندی یا هزینه برای ریسک‌های شناخته شده و با استراتژی‌های پاسخ فعال.

Reserve

انواع ذخیره‌ها در مدیریت پروژه (Types of Reserve)

ذخیره‌ها از جمله موضوعاتی هستند که دربسیاری از پروژه‌های ما مغفول واقع شده و به همین دلیل هم جایگزین بد آن پدینگ یعنی “دست بالاگرفتن” در برآوردها بیشتر شنیده شده‌ است. با تعریف درست ذخیره‌ها می‌توان هم شفاف بود و هم صادق. هم برآورد منطقی داشت و هم در عین حال ذخیره‌ای برای روز مبادا. در این پادکست قصد داریم شما را با انواع ذخیره‌ها در مدیریت پروژه حرفه‌ای آشنا کنیم.


Contingent Response Strategies

Responses provided which may be used in the event that a specific trigger occurs.

استراتژی‌های پاسخ احتیاطی: پاسخ های تدارک دیده شده که ممکن است در صورت وقوع یک نشانه یا محرک خاص مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

Continuous Delivery

The practice of delivering feature increments immediately to customers, often through the use of small batches of work and automation technology.

Continuous Delivery

The practice of delivering feature increments immediately to customers, often through the use of small batches of work and automation technology.

تحویل مستمر: شیوه ارائه سریع ویژگی های جدید به مشتریان، اغلب از طریق استفاده از دسته‌های کوچک کار و فناوری اتوماسیون.

Continuous Delivery

Continuous Integration

A practice in which each team member's work products are frequently integrated and validated with one another.

Contract

A mutually binding agreement that obligates the seller to provide the specified product, service, or result and obligates the buyer to pay for it.

قرارداد: یک توافق الزام آور دوطرفه/متقابل که فروشنده را ملزم می‌کند به ارائه محصول، خدمات یا نتیجه مشخص و خریدار را ملزم می‌کند به پرداخت هزینه آن.

Contract Change Control System

The system used to collect, track, adjudicate and communicate changes to a contract.

سیستم کنترل تغییرات قرارداد: سیستمی که برای جمع آوری، ردیابی، قضاوت و تبادل تغییرات قرارداد استفاده می شود.

Control

The process of comparing actual performance with planned performance, analyzing variances, assessing trends to effect process improvements, evaluating possible alternatives, and recommending appropriate corrective action as needed.

کنترل: فرآیند مقایسه عملکرد واقعی با عملکرد برنامه ریزی شده، تجزیه و تحلیل انحرافات، ارزیابی روندها برای تأثیرگذاری بر بهبود فرآیند، ارزیابی راهکارهای جایگزین ممکن و توصیه اقدامات اصلاحی/جبرانی مناسب در صورت نیاز.

Control Account

A management control point where scope, budget, actual cost, and schedule are integrated and compared to earned value for performance measurement.

مرکز كنترل: یک نقطه کنترل مدیریتی که در آن محدوده، بودجه، هزینه واقعی و زمانبندی یکپارچه شده و با ارزش کسب شده به منظور اندازه گیری عملکرد مقایسه می‌شود.

Control Account

WBS Control Account, Planning Package, Work Package

Control Account (CA)

A management control point where scope, budget, actual cost, and schedule are integrated and compared to earned value for performance measurement. Each control account may be further decomposed into work packages and/or planning packages.

Control Account (CA)

A management control point where scope, budget, actual cost, and schedule are integrated and compared to earned value for performance measurement. Each control account may be further decomposed into work packages and/or planning packages.

Control Account ID

An alphanumeric cost-accounting identifier typically assigned at the intersection of the work breakdown structure and organizational breakdown structure at the level where costs will be collected. Control accounts contain work packages.

Control Account Manager

The manager within the project's organizational breakdown structure (OBS) that has been given the authority and responsibility to manage one or more control accounts.

Control Account Manager (CAM)

An alphanumeric designation of the single person accountable for the costs and achievement of the scope of work identified by the control account; this may be the name of an individual or a unique reference identifying the individual.

Control Chart

A graphic display of process data over time and against established control limits, which has a centerline that assists in detecting a trend of plotted values toward either control limit.

نمودار کنترل: نمایش گرافیکی داده‌های فرآیند در طول زمان و در برابر حدود کنترلی تعیین‌شده، که دارای یک خط مرکزی است که به تشخیص روند مقادیر رسم‌شده به سمت هر یک از حد کنترل کمک می‌کند (اینکه یک فرآیند تحت کنترل بوده و رفتار قابل پیش بینی دارد یا خیر؟).

Control Charts

Control Costs

The process of monitoring the status of the project to update the project costs and manage changes to the cost baseline.

كنترل هزينه‌ها: فرآیند نظارت بر وضعیت پروژه برای به روز رسانی هزینه های پروژه و مدیریت تغییرات مبنای هزینه.

Control Limits

The area composed of three standard deviations on either side of the centerline or mean of a normal distribution of data plotted on a control chart, which reflects the expected variation in the data. See also specification limits.

حدود كنترل: ناحیه متشکل از سه انحراف استاندارد در دو طرف خط مرکزی یا میانگین توزیع نرمال داده ها که بر روی نمودار کنترل رسم شده است، که منعکس کننده تغییرات مورد انتظار در داده ها است. همچنین حدود مشخصات را ببینید.

Control Limits - Control Charts

Control Point

A designated event scheduled for the conclusion of a segment of work in order to evaluate progress against plans and the project charter and business case to determine if the project should be changed, terminated, or continued as planned. Examples of control points are stage gates or phase gates. The evaluation which occurs at the end of a sprint, iteration, or release can also be considered a control point.

Control Procurements

The process of managing procurement relationships, monitoring contract performance, making changes and corrections as appropriate, and closing out contracts.

کنترل تدارکات: فرآیند مدیریت روابط تدارکات، نظارت بر عملکرد قرارداد، ایجاد تغییرات و اصلاحات در صورت لزوم، و خاتمه دادن قراردادها.

Control Quality

The process of monitoring and recording results of executing the quality management activities to assess performance and ensure the project outputs are complete, correct, and meet customer expectations.

کنترل کیفیت: فرآیند نظارت و ثبت نتایج حاصل از اجرای فعالیت‌های مدیریت کیفیت برای ارزیابی عملکرد و اطمینان از اینکه خروجی های پروژه کامل و صحیح  و برآورده کننده انتظارات مشتری است.

Control Resources

The process of ensuring that the physical resources assigned and allocated to the project are available as planned, as well as monitoring the planned versus actual utilization of resources and performing corrective action as necessary.

کنترل منابع: فرآیند حصول اطمینان از اینکه منابع فیزیکی تعیین شده و تخصیص یافته به پروژه، طبق برنامه در دسترس هستند و همچنین نظارت بر استفاده برنامه ریزی شده در مقابل استفاده واقعی از منابع و انجام اقدامات اصلاحی در صورت لزوم.

Control Schedule

The process of monitoring the status of the project to update the project schedule and manage changes to the schedule baseline.

كنترل زمانبندی: فرآیند نظارت بر وضعیت پروژه برای به روزرسانی برنامه زمانبندی پروژه و مدیریت تغییرات مبنا زمانبندی.

Control Scope

The process of monitoring the status of the project and product scope and managing changes to the scope baseline.

كنترل محدوده: فرآیند نظارت بر وضعیت محدوده پروژه و محصول و مدیریت تغییرات مبنای محدوده.

Scope

پادکست کنترل محدوده و صحه‌گذاری محدوده (Control Scope Vs. Validate Scope)

در این پادکست قصد داریم درباره تفاوت دو واژه کنترل محدوده و صحه‌گذاری محدوده صحبت کنیم. این پادکست برای افرادی که در حوزه مدیریت پروژه فعالیت دارند و یا افرادی که قصد دارند برای آزمون مدیریت پروژه حرفه ای اقدام کنند، مفید خواهد بود.


CoP

community of practice

COQ

Cost Of Quality

Corrective Action

An intentional activity that realigns the performance of the project work with the project management plan.

Corrective Action

An intentional activity that realigns the performance of the project work with the project management plan.

اقدام جبرانی، اقدام اصلاحی: یک فعالیت عمدی که عملکرد پروژه را با برنامه مدیریت پروژه تطبیق می‌دهد (بعبارتی انحرافات عملکردی فعلی را جبران می‌کند).

Cost

The monetary value or price of a project activity or component that includes the monetary worth of the resources required to perform and complete the activity or component, or to produce the component. A specific cost can be composed of a combination of cost components including direct labor hours, other direct costs, indirect labor hours, other indirect costs, and purchase price. (However, in the earned value management methodology, in some instances, the term cost can represent only labor hours without conversion to monetary worth.) See also actual cost (AC) and estimate.

Cost Aggregation

Summing the lower-level cost estimates associated with the various work packages for a given level within the project’s WBS or for a given cost control account.

تجمیع هزینه: جمع‌بندی برآورد هزینه‌های سطح پایین‌تر مرتبط با بسته‌های کاری مختلف برای یک سطح معین در WBS پروژه یا برای یک حساب کنترل هزینه معین.

Cost Aggregation

Cost Baseline

The approved version of the time-phased project budget, excluding any management reserves, which can be changed only through formal change control procedures and is used as a basis for comparison to actual results.

مبنای هزینه: نسخه تایید شده بودجه پروژه بدون احتساب ذخایر مدیریتی (یعنی BAC) در محور زمان، که تنها از طریق رویه‌های رسمی کنترل تغییر قابل تغییر است و به عنوان مبنایی برای مقایسه با نتایج واقعی استفاده می‌شود.

Cost Baseline

Cost/benefit Analysis

A technique that weighs expected costs against expected financial and nonfinancial benefits (value) to determine the best (according to relevant criteria) course of action.

Cost-Benefit Analysis

A financial analysis method used to determine the benefits provided by a project against its costs.

تحلیل هزینه-فایده: یک روش تحلیل مالی که برای تعیین منافع حاصل از یک پروژه در برابر هزینه‌های آن استفاده می‌شود.

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Cost-Effectiveness Feasibility

The high-level economic feasibility of a potential portfolio component, program, or project, taking into account both financial benefits and costs.

Cost Management Plan

A component of a project or program management plan that describes how costs will be planned, structured, and controlled.

برنامه مديريت هزينه: بخشی از برنامه مدیریت پروژه یا طرح که نحوه برنامه‌ریزی، ساختاربندی و کنترل هزینه‌ها را توضیح می‌دهد.

Cost of Quality (COQ)

All costs incurred over the life of the product by investment in preventing nonconformance to requirements, appraisal of the product or service for conformance to requirements, and failure to meet requirements.

هزينه كيفيت: کلیه هزینه‌هایی که در طول عمر محصول برای سرمایه‌گذاری در پیشگیری از عدم انطباق با الزامات، ارزیابی محصول یا خدمات برای انطباق با الزامات، و شکست یا عدم برآورده شدن الزامات، متحمل می‌شویم.

Cost of Quality (COQ)

Cost Performance Index (CPI)

A measure of the cost efficiency of budgeted resources expressed as the ratio of earned value to actual cost.

شاخص عملكرد هزينه: شاخص کارایی هزینه منابع بودجه بندی شده که به صورت نسبت ارزش کسب شده به هزینه واقعی بیان می شود.

Cost Performance Index CPI

Cost Performance Index CPI

Cost Plus Award Fee Contract (CPAF)

A category of contract that involves payments to the seller for all legitimate actual costs incurred for completed work, plus an award fee representing seller profit.

قرارداد بازپرداخت هزينه به همراه پاداش: دسته‌ای از قراردادها که شامل پرداخت‌هایی به فروشنده برای تمام هزینه‌های واقعی قانونی متحمل شده برای کار تکمیل‌شده، به علاوه مبلغ پاداش است که نشان‌دهنده سود فروشنده است.

Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contract (CPFF)

A type of cost-reimbursable contract where the buyer reimburses the seller for the seller's allowable costs (allowable costs are defined by the contract) plus a fixed amount of profit (fee).

قرارداد بازپرداخت هزينه با اجرت ثابت: نوعی قرارداد قابل بازپرداخت هزینه که در آن خریدار هزینه‌های مجاز فروشنده را به فروشنده بازپرداخت می‌کند (هزینه‌های مجاز توسط قرارداد تعریف شده است) به اضافه مبلغ ثابتی سود (اجرت/کارمزد).

Cost Plus Incentive Fee Contract (CPIF)

A type of cost-reimbursable contract where the buyer reimburses the seller for the seller's allowable costs (allowable costs are defined by the contract), and the seller earns its profit if it meets defined performance criteria.

قرارداد بازپرداخت هزينه با اجرت انگیزشی (تشویقی-تنبیهی): نوعی قرارداد بازپرداخت هزینه که در آن خریدار هزینه‌های مجاز فروشنده را به فروشنده بازپرداخت می‌کند (هزینه‌های مجاز توسط قرارداد تعریف شده است) و فروشنده در صورتی سود خود را به دست می‌آورد که معیارهای عملکرد تعریف شده را دارا باشد.

Cost-Reimbursable Contract

A type of contract involving payment to the seller for the seller's actual costs, plus a fee typically representing the seller's profit.

قرارداد بازپرداخت هزينه، قرارداد هزینه بازپرداختی: نوعی قرارداد که شامل پرداخت به فروشنده برای هزینه‌های واقعی فروشنده، به اضافه کارمزدی است که معمولاً نشان دهنده سود فروشنده است.

Cost Type

A subdivision of the cost such as direct cost, indirect cost, and fee.

Cost Variance (CV)

The amount of budget deficit or surplus at a given point in time, expressed as the difference between the earned value and the actual cost.

انحراف هزينه: مقدار کسری یا مازاد بودجه در یک مقطع زمانی معین که به صورت تفاوت بین ارزش کسب شده و هزینه واقعی بیان می‌شود.

Cost Variance


CPAF

Cost Plus Award Fee

CPFF

Cost Plus Fixed Fee

CPI

Cost Performance Index

شاخص عملکرد هزینه

CPIF

Cost Plus Incentive Fee

CPM

Critical Path Method

CR

contingency reserve

Crashing

A method used to shorten the schedule duration for the least incremental cost by adding resources.

کاهش زمان با افزایش منبع: روشی که برای کوتاه کردن مدت زمان پروژه با کمترین افزایش هزینه از طریق افزایش منابع استفاده می‌شود.

Fast Tracking Crashing Compression

Create and Analyze Models

The process of creating structured representations, such as diagrams, tables, or structured text, of any product information, to facilitate further analysis by identifying gaps in information or uncovering extraneous information.

Create WBS

The process of subdividing project deliverables and project work into smaller, more manageable components.

تهيه ساختار شكست كار: فرآیند تقسیم یا شکست دستاوردها/تحویل‌دادنی‌ها و کارهای پروژه به اجزای کوچکتر و قابل مدیریت‌تر.

WBS

Creative Thinking

The ability to resolve a problem or set of problems by exploring multiple and different solutions to arrive at an improved future result.

Criteria

Standards, rules, or tests on which a judgment or decision can be based or by which a product, service, result, or process can be evaluated.

معيارها: استانداردها، قواعد یا آزمون‌هایی که می‌توان بر اساس آنها قضاوت کرد یا تصمیمی گرفت یا براساس آنها محصول، خدمات، نتیجه یا فرآیند را می‌توان ارزیابی کرد.

Critical Activity

Any schedule activity on a critical path in a project schedule or through the use of calendars, resources, or constraints that is critical to some artifact other than the critical path.

Critical Chain Approach

A schedule method that allows the project team to place buffers on any project schedule path to account for limited resources and project uncertainties.

Critical Path

The sequence of activities that represents the longest path through a project, which determines the shortest possible duration.

مسير بحرانی: دنباله‌ای از فعالیت‌ها که نشان‌دهنده طولانی‌ترین مسیر در پروژه و همچنین کوتاه‌ترین مدت زمان ممکن پروژه است.


Critical Path Activity

Critical Path Activity

Any activity on the critical path in a project schedule.

فعالیت مسير بحرانی: یک فعالیت بر روی مسیر بحرانی در زمانبندی پروژه 

Critical Path Activity

Critical Path Method

A method used to estimate the minimum project duration and determine the amount of scheduling flexibility on the network paths within the schedule model. See also critical path.

Critical Path Method (CPM)

A method used to estimate the minimum project duration and determine the amount of schedule flexibility on the logical network paths within the schedule model.

روش مسير بحرانی: روشی که برای برآورد حداقل مدت زمان پروژه و تعیین میزان انعطاف‌پذیری زمانبندی در مسیرهای شبکه منطقی مدل زمانبندی استفاده می‌شود.

Critical Path Method (CPM)

Cross-Functional Team

A team that includes practitioners with all the skills necessary to deliver valuable product increments.

CRUD

create, read, update, delete

CRUD Matrix

CRUD, defined as (C) create, (R) read, (U) update, and (D) delete, represents the operations that can be applied to data or objects. CRUD matrices describe who or what has permission to perform each of the CRUD operations on elements, such as data or user interfaces.

Crystal Family of Methodologies

A collection of lightweight agile software development methods focused on adaptability to a particular circumstance.

Cultural Awareness

Being conscious of the cultural norms and values of others.

Cumulative Flow Diagram (CFD)

A chart indicating features completed over time, features in other states of development, and those in the backlog.

نمودار جریان تجمعی: نموداری که کارهای/ویژگی‌های تکمیل‌شده در طول زمان، کارها/ویژگی‌های سایر حالت‌های توسعه (مراحل توسعه) و آن‌هایی که در بک لاگ /فهرست کارها هستند را نشان می‌دهد.

Cumulative Flow Diagram (CFD)

Cumulative Velocity

The summation of the velocities for all completed iterations at a point in time. Cumulative velocity represents the earned value of the planned backlog achieved.

Current Finish Date

The current estimate of the point in time when a schedule activity will be completed, where the estimate reflects any reported work progress. See also scheduled finish date.

Current Start Date

The current estimate of the point in time when a schedule activity will begin, where the estimate reflects any reported work progress. See also scheduled start date.

Current State Assessment

An understanding of the current mode of operations, or the as-is state of the organization.

Customer

Internal or external stakeholders who benefit from the development of a solution.

Customer perception of value

A subjective evaluation by PMO customers of the benefits they receive from PMO services relative to their expectations and needs

Customer value agreement

A formal document outlining the specific outcomes and value the PMO commits to delivering to each major customer or customer group

CV

Cost Variance

Cycle Time

The total elapsed time from the start of a particular activity or work item to its completion.

زمان چرخه: کل زمان سپری شده از شروع یک فعالیت یا آیتم کاری خاص تا تکمیل آن.

Cycle Time

Cycle Time Chart

A diagram that shows the average cycle time of the work items completed over time.

نمودار زمان چرخه: نموداری که میانگین زمان چرخه اقلام کاری تکمیل شده در طول زمان را نشان می‌دهد.

Cycle Time Chart

D

DA

Disciplined Agile

Daily Scrum

A brief, daily collaboration meeting in which the team reviews progress from the previous day, declares intentions for the current day, and highlights any obstacles encountered or anticipated. Also known as daily standup.

Daily Standup

A brief, daily collaboration meeting in which the team reviews progress from the previous day, declares intentions for the current day, and highlights any obstacles encountered or anticipated. Also Known as daily Scrum.

جلسات روزانه، جلسات سرپایی روزانه: یک جلسه مشارکتی مختصر و روزانه که در آن تیم پیشرفت روز قبل را بررسی می‌کند، اهداف روز جاری را اعلام می‌کند و موانع مواجه شده یا پیش‌بینی‌شده را برجسته می‌کند.  

  


Dashboard

A set of charts and graphs showing progress or performance against important measures of the project.

داشبورد: مجموعه‌ای از نمودارها و گراف‌ها که نشان‌دهنده میزان پیشرفت یا عملکرد بر روی شاخص‌های مهم پروژه است.

Dashboard

Data

Discrete, unorganized, unprocessed measurements or raw observations.

داده، داده‌ها: مقادیر اندازه‌گیری‌ شده یا مشاهدات خام گسسته، بدون سازماندهی و پردازش.

DIKW = Data Information Knowledge Wisdom

Data Analysis Techniques

Techniques used to organize, assess, and evaluate data and information.

تکنیک‌های تحلیل داده: تکنیک‌های مورد استفاده برای سازماندهی، ارزیابی و سنجش داده‌ها و اطلاعات.

Data Date

A point in time when the status of the project is recorded.

تاریخ گزارش‌گیری، تاريخ بررسی وضعيت، زمان گزارش‌گیری: یک نقطه در زمانی که وضعیت پروژه ثبت می شود.

Data Date - Time Now - Status Date - Reporting Date

Data Date (DD)

A point in time when the status of the project is recorded.

Data Dictionary

A business analysis model that catalogs the attributes of specific data objects.

Data Flow Diagram

A business analysis model that combines processes, systems, and data to show how data flows through a solution.

Data Gathering and Analysis Methods

Methods used to collect, assess, and evaluate data and information to gain a deeper understanding of a situation.

روش‌های جمع‌آوری و تحلیل داده‌ها: روش‌های مورد استفاده برای جمع‌آوری، ارزیابی و ارزیابی داده‌ها و اطلاعات برای به دست آوردن درک عمیق‌تر از یک وضعیت.

Data Gathering Techniques

Techniques used to collect data and information from a variety of sources.

تکنیک‌های جمع‌آوری داده‌ها: تکنیک‌های مورد استفاده برای جمع آوری داده‌ها و اطلاعات از منابع مختلف.

Data Collection Techniques

Data Model

A visual representation of the business data objects of interest to a business and the relationships between them. See also business data object.

Data Representation Techniques

Graphic representations or other methods used to convey data and information.

تکنیک‌های ارائه داده‌ها: نمایش/ارائه‌های گرافیکی یا سایر روش‌های مورد استفاده برای انتقال داده‌ها و اطلاعات.

Data Representation Techniques

Data Store

A source of business information, often represented visually on a data flow diagram.

Date

A term representing the day, month, and year of a calendar, and, in some instances, the time of day.

Day in the Life Testing (DITL)

A semiformal activity conducted by someone with in-depth business knowledge. The results obtained from DITL testing enable validation or evaluation of whether a solution provides the functionality for a typical day of usage by a role that interacts with the solution.

DD

data date

Decision by Consensus

An approach for making group decisions based upon general agreement for the decision by the group. Before making decisions by consensus, the group should first define what it means for it to reach general agreement. Among popular choices for consensus are convergence of individual decisions to one group decision or majority support for a decision with other individuals not seriously opposed to it. See also Delphi.

Decision by Sponsor

An approach for making decisions where the decision is made by the sponsor, with or without input from a group. See also autocratic decision making.

Decision by Weighted Analysis

An approach for making decisions using decision criteria identified by and assigned relative weights by those involved in making the decision. Each option involved in the decision is rated by scoring how well the option meets the criteria independent of other options. Ratings are multiplied by the weights and summed to arrive at the score for each option. The summed scores represent the overall rankings of the options.

Decision Making

The ability to weigh the benefits and drawbacks associated with a set of options, choose among various options, and articulate the rationale for the choice.

Decision-Making Techniques

Techniques used to select a course of action from different alternatives.

تکنیک‌های تصمیم‌گیری: تکنیک های مورد استفاده برای انتخاب یک راهکار از بین گزینه‌های مختلف.

Decision Table

A business analysis model that helps identify business rules associated with any complex branching logic in a solution by considering all combinations of choices.

Decision Tree

A business analysis model that shows business rules associated with any complex branching logic in a solution.

Decision Tree Analysis

A diagramming and calculation method for evaluating the implications of a chain of multiple options in the presence of uncertainty.

تحليل درخت تصميم: یک روش ترسیم و محاسبه برای ارزیابی پیامدهای زنجیره‌ای از گزینه‌های متعدد در حضور عدم قطعیت.

Decision Tree Analysis

Decompose

See decomposition.

Decomposition

A method used for dividing and subdividing the project scope and project deliverables into smaller, more manageable parts.

تجزيه، شکست، خرد کردن: روشی مورد استفاده برای تقسیم و تقسیم مجدد محدوده پروژه و دستاوردها/تحویل دادنی‌های پروژه به اجزای کوچکتر و قابل مدیریت‌تر.

Decomposition

Decomposition Model

A model that is used to divide and subdivide a high-level concept into lower-level concepts, for example dividing the project scope and project deliverables into smaller, more manageable parts for the purpose of analysis. Also known as decomposition diagrams.

DEEP

Describes the characteristics that a product backlog needs to demonstrate to be considered well refined. DEEP is an acronym that stands for detailed appropriately, estimated, emergent, and prioritized.

Defect

An imperfection or deficiency in a project component where that component does not meet its requirements or specifications and needs to be either repaired or replaced.

عيب، نقص، ایراد: یک نقص یا ایراد در یک جزء پروژه بطوریکه آن جزء الزامات یا مشخصات مورد نیاز خود را برآورده نکرده و لازم است تعمیر یا جایگزین گردد.

Defect

Defect Repair

An intentional activity to modify a nonconforming product or product component.

رفع عیب، رفع ایراد: یک فعالیت عمدی برای اصلاح یک محصول یا جزء محصول غیرمنطبق (با استاندارها یا معیارهای کیفی).

Define Acceptance Criteria

The process of obtaining agreement as to what would constitute proof that one or more aspects of a solution have been developed successfully.

Define Activities

The process of identifying and documenting the specific actions to be performed to produce the project deliverables.

تعريف فعاليت‌ها: فرایند شناسایی و مستندسازی اقدامات مشخصی که برای تولید دستاوردهای پروژه، باید انجام شوند.

Define and Elaborate Requirements

The process of refining and documenting requirements and other types of product information at the appropriate level of detail, format, and level of formality required for various audiences.

Define Scope

The process of developing a detailed description of the project and product.

تعريف محدوده: فرآیند توسعه شرح مفصلی از پروژه و محصول.

Defining and Aligning Process Group

The business analysis processes performed to investigate and evaluate the viability of initiating a new product or changes to or retirement of an existing product as well as defining scope and aligning products, portfolios, programs, and projects to the overall organizational strategy.

Definition of Done (DoD)

A checklist of all the criteria required to be met so that a deliverable can be considered ready for customer use.

تعریف تکمیل شده، تعریف کار تکمیل شده، تعریف تکمیل کار، تعریف کار انجام شده: یک چک لیست از تمام معیارهایی که لازم است برآورده شود تا اینکه یک دستاورد/تحویل دادنی آماده استفاده توسط مشتری در نظر گرفته شود.

DOD Definition of Done

Definition of Ready

A series of conditions that the entire team agrees to complete before a user story is considered sufficiently understood for work to begin to construct it.

Definition of Ready (DoR)

A team's checklist for a user-centric requirement that has all the information the team needs to be able to begin working on it

Deliverable

Any unique and verifiable product, result, or capability to perform a service that is required to be produced to complete a process, phase, or project.

دستاورد، تحويل دادنی، قلم قابل تحویل: هر محصول، نتیجه، یا قابلیت انجام یک خدمت منحصر به فرد و قابل تایید که لازم است برای تکمیل یک فرآیند، فاز یا پروژه تولید/ساخته شود.

Delivery Performance Domain

The performance domain that addresses activities and functions associated with delivering the scope and quality that the project was undertaken to achieve.

حوزه عملکردی تحویل: یک حوزه عملکردی پروژه که به فعالیت‌ها و کارکردهایی تمرکز دارد که به تحویل محدوده و کیفیتی که پروژه برای تحقق آن انجام می شود، مرتبط می باشد.

Delphi

A consensus-building method that consolidates anonymous input from subject matter experts (SMEs) using rounds of voting. See also wide-band Delphi.

Dependency

See logical relationship.

وابستگی: واژه روابط منطقی را ببینید.

Dependency Analysis

A technique that is used to discover dependent relationships.

Deployment stage

The third phase in the PMO customer experience cycle where designed services are implemented and rolled out to customers

Design Option

A representation of how a solution could be constructed.

Design stage

The second phase in the PMO customer experience cycle where insights from exploration are transformed into service concepts and plans

Design Thinking

An approach that uses solution-based thinking rather than problem-based thinking to produce creative solutions to achieve goals.

Desktop Tool

A category of tools used in a personal workspace, for example on a laptop or on a personal device, for the purpose of aiding organization and productivity.

Determine Analysis Approach

The process of thinking ahead about how analysis will be performed including what will be analyzed; which models will be most beneficial to produce, and how requirements and other product information will be verified, validated, and prioritized.

Determine Budget

The process of aggregating the estimated costs of individual activities or work packages to establish an authorized cost baseline.

تعيين بودجه: فرایند تجمیع هزینه‌های تخمینی تک تک فعالیت‌ها یا بسته‌های کاری پروژه به منظور ایجاد یک مبنای هزینه مصوب.

Determine Elicitation Approach

The process of thinking through how elicitation activities will be conducted, which stakeholders will be involved, which elicitation techniques may be used, and the order in which the elicitation activities will be best performed.

Determine Future State

The process of determining gaps in existing capabilities and a set of proposed changes necessary to attain a desired future state that addresses the problem or opportunity under analysis.

Determine Solution Evaluation Approach

The process of determining what aspects of the organization and/or solution will be evaluated, how performance will be measured, when performance will be measured, and by whom.

Determine Stakeholder Engagement and Communication Approach

The process of developing appropriate methods to effectively engage and communicate with stakeholders throughout the product life cycle, based on the analysis of their needs, interests, and roles within the business analysis process.

Determine Traceability and Monitoring Approach

The process of considering how traceability will be performed on the portfolio, program, project, or product, and defining how requirement changes will be managed.

Determine Viable Options and Provide Recommendation

The process of applying various analysis techniques to examine possible solutions for meeting the business goals and objectives and to determine which of the options is considered the best possible one for the organization to pursue.

Development Approach

A method used to create and evolve the product, service, or result during the project life cycle, such as a predictive, iterative, incremental, agile, or hybrid method.

رویکرد توسعه (محصول)، رهیافت توسعه: روشی که برای ایجاد و تکامل محصول، خدمات یا نتیجه در طول چرخه عمر پروژه استفاده می‌شود، مانند روش‌های قابل پیش‌بینی، تکراری، افزایشی، چابک یا ترکیبی.

Development Approach and Life Cycle Performance Domain

The performance domain that addresses activities and functions associated with the development approach, cadence, and life cycle phases of the project.

حوزه عملکردی رویکرد توسعه و چرخه حیات: حوزه عملکردی که به فعالیت‌ها و کارکردهای مرتبط با رویکرد توسعه، ریتم، و فازها/مراحل چرخه حیات پروژه مربوط می‌شود.

Develop Project Charter

The process of developing a document that formally authorizes the existence of a project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities.

تهیه منشور پروژه: فرایند توسعه یک سند که به طور رسمی موجودیت یک پروژه را تأیید کرده و برای مدیر پروژه اختیار استفاده از منابع سازمانی در فعالیت‌های پروژه را فراهم می‌کند.

Develop Project Management Plan

The process of defining, preparing, and coordinating all plan components and consolidating them into an integrated project management plan.

تهیه برنامه مديريت پروژه: فرایند تعریف، تهیه و هماهنگ سازی تمام اجزای برنامه‌ای و تلفیق/تجمیع آنها به یک برنامه یکپارچه مدیریت پروژه.

Develop Schedule

The process of analyzing activity sequences, durations, resource requirements, and schedule constraints to create the project schedule model for project execution and monitoring and controlling.

تهیه زمانبندی: فرایند تجزیه و تحلیل توالی‌ها، مدت زمان‌ها، نیازهای منبع فعالیت‌ها و محدودیت‌های زمانبندی به منظور ایجاد مدل زمانبندی پروژه برای اجرا، نظارت و کنترل پروژه.

Develop Team

The process of improving competences, team member interaction, and overall team environment to enhance project performance.

پرورش تيم: فرایند بهبود شایستگی‌ها، تعامل اعضای تیم و محیط کلی تیم به منظور افزایش عملکرد پروژه.

DevOps

A collection of practices for creating a smooth flow of deliveries by improving collaboration between development and operations staff.

دواپس: مجموعه‌ای از شیوه‌های ایجاد جریانی تحویل روان از طریق بهبود همکاری بین کارکنان توسعه و عملیات.

 

 


DevOps (Development and Operations)

A concept or an organizational unit that promotes collaboration between development, quality control, and operations (IT and business operations). It supports rapidly releasing a solution by operationalizing it in small segments, each of which provides additional functionality to its users.

Diagramming Techniques

Approaches to presenting information with logical linkages that aid in understanding.

تکنیک‌های ترسیم: رویکردهای ارائه اطلاعات با یکسری ارتباطات منطقی که به درک آن کمک می‌کند (مانند نقشه ذهنی، فلوچارت، ...).

Digital Product

A product or service that is delivered, used, and stored in an electronic format.

محصولات دیجیتالی: یک محصول یا خدمتی که در یک فرمت الکترونیکی تحویل، استفاده و ذخیره می‌شود.

Digital Product

Direct and Manage Project Work

The process of leading and performing the work defined in the project management plan and implementing approved changes to achieve the project’s objectives.

هدايت و مديريت کارهای پروژه: فرایند هدایت و انجام کارهای تعریف شده در برنامه مدیریت پروژه و اجرای تغییرات مصوب برای دستیابی به اهداف پروژه.

Discipline

A field of work requiring specific knowledge that has a set of rules governing work conduct (e.g., mechanical engineering, computer programming, cost estimating, etc.).

Disciplined Agile (DA)

A process decision framework that enables simplified process decisions around incremental and iterative solution delivery

Discrete Effort

A work effort that can be planned and measured and that yields a specific output. Discrete effort is directly related to specific end products or services with distinct and measurable points, and outputs that result directly from the discrete effort.

Discrete Effort

An activity that can be planned and measured and that yields a specific output. [Note: Discrete effort is one of three earned value management (EVM) types of activities used to measure work performance].

کارهای گسسته، کارهای قابل اندازه‌گیری: فعالیتی که می‌تواند برنامه‌ریزی و اندازه‌گیری شود و خروجی خاصی را تولید کند. [توجه: تلاش‌های گسسته یکی از سه نوع فعالیتهای مدیریت ارزش کسب شده (EVM) است که برای اندازه گیری عملکرد کارها مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد].


Types of Work, Types of Effort

پادکست انواع کارها از دیدگاه سیستم مدیریت ارزش کسب شده (Types of Works in EVMS)

در این پادکست، دکتر علی واحدی دیز به تشریح کامل انواع کارها از دیگاه سیستم مدیریت ارزش کسب شده می‌پردازد. کارها از دیدگاه EVMS به سه دسته کارهای گسسته (Discrete Effort)، پیوسته یا پشتیبانی (Level Of Effort) و وابسته (Apportioned Effort) تقسیم‌بندی می‌شود. این دسته‌بندی به اندازه‌گیری بهتر عملکرد پروژه کمک می‌کند و اشتباه رایج در تهیه WBS را هم برطرف می‌نماید. ممنون از اینکه همراه ما هستید و ما را از سوالات و نظرات خود آگاه می‌کنید.

Discretionary Dependency

A relationship that is based on best practices or project preferences.

وابستگی ترجیحی، وابستگی اختیاری: رابطه‌ای که مبتنی بر بهترین شیوه‌ها یا ترجیحات پروژه است.

Dependency

Display-Action-Response Model

A business analysis model that dissects a user interface mockup into its display and behavior requirements at the page element level.

Distributed budget

The budget for project scope that has been identified to work breakdown structure (WBS) control accounts and also has an identified control account manager.

DITL

day in the life testing

Document

A medium and the information recorded thereon that generally has permanence and can be read by a person or a machine. Examples include project management plans, specifications, procedures, studies, and manuals.

Document Analysis

An elicitation technique used to analyze existing documentation to identify relevant product information.

Documentation Reviews

The process of gathering a corpus of information and reviewing it to determine accuracy and completeness.

مرور مستندات، بررسی مستندات: فرآیند جمع آوری مجموعه‌ای از اطلاعات و بررسی آنها به منظور تعیین درستی و کامل بودنشان.

DoD

definition of done

Domain

A discipline or area of study. See also performance domain.

DoR

definition of ready

Double Loop Learning

A process that challenges underlying values and assumptions in order to better elaborate root causes and devise improved countermeasures rather than focusing only on symptoms.

Driving Resources

Resources that are considered to have a direct impact on activity duration during resource leveling.

DSDM

Dynamic Systems Development Method

DU

duration

DUR

duration

Duration

The total number of work periods required to complete an activity or work breakdown structure component, expressed in hours, days, or weeks. Contrast with effort.

مدت زمان، طول زمانی، طول مدت: تعداد کل دوره‌های کاری مورد نیاز برای تکمیل یک فعالیت یا جزئی از ساختار شکست کار که بصورت ساعت، روز یا هفته بیان می شود. با واژه تلاش متفات می باشد.

Duration Percent Complete

See activity duration percent complete and project duration percent complete.

Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM)

An agile project delivery framework.

E

EAC

Estimate At Completion

پیش بینی هزینه پایانی پروژه

Early Finish Date

In the critical path method, the earliest possible point in time when the uncompleted portions of a schedule activity can finish based on the schedule network logic, the data date, and any schedule constraints. See also early start date, late finish date, late start date, and schedule network analysis.

Early Finish Date (EF)

In the critical path method, the earliest possible point in time when the uncompleted portions of a schedule activity can finish based on the schedule network logic, the data date, and any schedule constraints.

زودترين تاريخ پايان، تاريخ پايان زودهنگام: در روش مسیر بحرانی، اولین نقطه زمانی ممکن که بخش‌های ناکامل یک فعالیت زمانبندی می‌تواند بر اساس منطق شبکه زمانبندی، تاریخ داده‌ها و هرگونه محدودیت زمانبندی پایان یابد.


Early Start Date

In the critical path method, the earliest possible point in time when the uncompleted portions of a schedule activity can start based on the schedule network logic, the data date, and any schedule constraints. See also early finish date, late finish date, late start date, and schedule network analysis.

Early Start Date (ES)

In the critical path method, the earliest possible point in time when the uncompleted portions of a schedule activity can start based on the schedule network logic, the data date, and any schedule constraints.

زودترين تاريخ شروع، تاريخ شروع زودهنگام: در روش مسیر بحرانی، اولین نقطه زمانی ممکن که بخش‌های ناکامل از یک فعالیت زمانبندی می‌تواند بر اساس منطق شبکه زمانبندی، تاریخ داده‌ها و هر محدودیت زمانبندی دیگر شروع شود.


Earned Schedule

An earned value technique that measures the time at which planned value equals earned value.

Earned Schedule (ES)

An earned value technique that measures the time at which planned value equals earned value.

Earned Value Analysis (EVA)

An analysis method that uses a set of measures associated with scope, schedule, and cost to determine the cost and schedule performance of a project.

تحلیل ارزش کسب شده: یک روش تحلیل که از مجموعه‌ای از مقادیر اندازه‌گیری شده مرتبط با محدوده، زمانبندی و هزینه برای تعیین عملکرد هزینه و زمانبندی یک پروژه استفاده می‌کند.

EVA EVM


پادکست تاریخچه و چارچوب سیستم مدیریت پروژه ارزش کسب شده (EVMS History and Framework)

در این پادکست، دکتر علی واحدی دیز به عنوان اولین نگارنده کتاب "مدیریت پروژه ارزش کسب شده" در ایران، تاریخچه و چارچوب سیستم مدیریت پروژه ارزش کسب شده (EVMS) را تشریح می‌کند. در پادکست‌های بعدی سلسله تعاریف، مفاهیم، نکات و موضوعات مختلفی پیرامون این سیستم ارائه خواهد شد.


Earned Value (EV)

The measure of work performed expressed in terms of the budget authorized for that work.

ارزش کسب شده، ارزش حاصله، ارزش کار انجام شده: مقدار کار انجام شده که بر حسب بودجه مصوب آن کار بیان می‌شود.

EVA - Earned Value


پادکست عناصر کلیدی سیستم مدیریت ارزش کسب شده (Key Elements of EVMS)

در این پادکست، دکتر علی واحدی دیز به تشریح کامل سه عنصر کلیدی سیستم ارزش کسب شده می‌پردازد. این عناصر عبارتند از PV، EV و AC. این عناصر در ظاهر ساده بوده ولی دارای نکات ظریفی برای اجرا می‌باشند. ممنون از اینکه همراه ما هستید و ما را از سوالات و نظرات خود آگاه می‌کنید.





Earned Value Management

A methodology that combines scope, schedule, and resource measurements to assess project performance and progress.

مديريت ارزش کسب شده: متدولوژی‌ای که مقادیر اندازه‌گیری شده محدوده، زمانبندی و منابع/هزینه را برای ارزیابی عملکرد و پیشرفت پروژه ترکیب می‌کند.

EVM


پادکست تاریخچه و چارچوب سیستم مدیریت پروژه ارزش کسب شده (EVMS History and Framework)

در این پادکست، دکتر علی واحدی دیز به عنوان اولین نگارنده کتاب "مدیریت پروژه ارزش کسب شده" در ایران، تاریخچه و چارچوب سیستم مدیریت پروژه ارزش کسب شده (EVMS) را تشریح می‌کند. در پادکست‌های بعدی سلسله تعاریف، مفاهیم، نکات و موضوعات مختلفی پیرامون این سیستم ارائه خواهد شد.


Earned Value Management (EVM)

A methodology that combines scope, schedule, and resource measurements to assess project performance and progress.

Earned Value Technique (EVT)

A specific technique for measuring the performance of work for a work breakdown structure component, control account, or project. Also referred to as the earning rules and crediting method. See also actual cost (AC), estimate at completion (EAC), and estimate to complete (ETC).

Ecosystem Map

A scope model that shows the relevant systems, the relationships between systems, and optionally any data objects passed between them.

EEF

enterprise environmental factor

EEFs

Enterprise Environmental Factors

EF

Early Finish Date

Effort

The number of labor units required to complete a schedule activity or work breakdown structure component, often expressed in hours, days, or weeks. Contrast with duration.

تلاش: تعداد واحدهای کار مورد نیاز برای تکمیل یک فعالیت زمانبندی یا یک جزء ساختار شکست کار که اغلب بصورت نفر ساعت، نفر روز یا نفر هفته بیان می‌شود. با واژه مدت زمان متفاوت است.

Elaboration

A term used on adaptive projects to describe the process of detailing product information over time.

Elicitation

The activity of drawing out information from stakeholders and other sources.

Elicitation Approach

An informal device used by a business analyst to prepare for elicitation work. It defines important information about the elicitation process, such as how elicitation will be performed, what information to elicit, where to find that information, how to obtain the information, and when to conduct the elicitation activities.

Elicitation Knowledge Area

The processes for planning and preparing for elicitation, conducting elicitation and confirming elicitation results to obtain information from sources.

Elicitation Plan

See elicitation approach.

Elicitation Preparation Materials

The items that are created to increase the probability of meeting elicitation activity objectives, while maximizing time spent with elicitation participants.

Elicitation Result

The business analysis information obtained from a completed elicitation activity.

Elicitation Session

A session or activity conducted to obtain information from participants.

Emergent Learning

A process where stakeholders discover their requirements as portions of the solution are delivered over time.

Emergent Risk

A risk that arises which could not have been identified earlier on.

Emotional Intelligence

The ability to identify, assess, and manage the personal emotions of oneself and other people, as well as the collective emotions of groups of people.

هوش هیجانی، هوش عاطفی، هوش احساسی: توانایی شناسایی، ارزیابی و مدیریت احساسات شخصی خود و دیگران، و همچنین احساسات جمعی گروه های مردم.

Emotional Intelligence

Enhancement stage

The fourth phase in the PMO customer experience cycle focused on continuously improving and refining PMO services

Enterprise and Organizational Knowledge

An understanding and familiarity with the way a specific business is organized and operates, from both a high-level and tactical standpoint.

Enterprise Architecture

A collection of the business and technology components needed to operate an enterprise. The business architecture is usually a subset of the enterprise architecture and is extended with the applications, information, and supporting technology to form a complete blueprint of an organization.

Enterprise Environmental Factors

Conditions, not under the immediate control of the team, that influence, constrain, or direct the project, program, or portfolio.

Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEF)

Conditions, not under the immediate control of the team, that influence, constrain, or direct the project, program, or portfolio.

عوامل محيطی سازمان: شرایطی، نه تحت کنترل فوری تیم، که بر پروژه، طرح یا پورتفولیو تأثیرگذار بوده، آنها را محدود کرده و یا هدایت می کند.

Enterprise Environmental Factors

Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEFs)

In business analysis, conditions that influence, constrain, or direct how business analysis is conducted.

Enterprise Risk Management

An approach to managing risk that reflects the organization’s culture, capability, and strategy to create and sustain value.

Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)

A business analysis model that shows the business data objects or pieces of information of interest and the relationships between those objects, including the cardinality of those relationships.

Epic

A large, related body of work intended to hierarchically organize a set of requirements and deliver specific business outcomes.

اپیک، قابلیت، الزام کلان، مجموعه الزامات، حماسه، رزمنامه: مجموعه بزرگی از کارهای مرتبط با هدف سازماندهی سلسله مراتبی مجموعه‌ای از الزامات و ارائه نتایج کسب و کار مشخص.

EPIC Feature User Story Task

ERD

entity relationship diagram

ES

Early Start Date

Establish Relationships and Dependencies

The process of tracing or setting linkages between and among requirements and other product information.

Estimate

A quantitative assessment of the likely amount or outcome of a variable, such as project costs, resources, effort, or durations.

برآورد، تخمین: ارزیابی کمی از مقدار یا ثمره احتمالی یک متغیر، مانند هزینه‌ها، منابع، تلاش یا مدت زمان پروژه.

Estimate Activity Durations

The process of estimating the number of work periods needed to complete individual activities with the estimated resources.

برآورد مدت زمان فعاليت: فرآیند تخمین تعداد دوره‌های کاری مورد نیاز برای تکمیل هر یک از فعالیت‌ها با منابع برآورد شده شان.

Estimate Activity Resources

The process of estimating team resources and the type and quantities of material, equipment, and supplies necessary to perform project work.

برآورد منابع فعاليت: فرآیند تخمین منابع انسانی و نوع و مقادیر مواد، تجهیزات و تدارکات لازم برای انجام کارهای پروژه.

Estimate at Completion (EAC)

The expected total cost of completing all work expressed as the sum of the actual cost to date and the estimate to complete.

پیش بینی هزینه پایانی: کل هزینه مورد انتظار برای تکمیل تمام کارها که به صورت مجموع هزینه واقعی تا به امروز و پیش بینی هزینه کارهای باقیمانده بیان می‌شود.

EAC

EAC Chart

Estimate at Completion (time) ETCt)

The expected total time of completing project work. EAC is equal to the actual time (AT) plus the estimate to complete (time) (ETC ) for the remaining work: EACt = AT + ETCt.

Estimate Costs

The process of developing an approximation of the monetary resources needed to complete project work.

برآورد هزينه‌ها: فرآیند تهیه تقریبی از منابع پولی مورد نیاز برای تکمیل کارهای پروژه.

Estimate to Complete (ETC)

The expected cost to finish all the remaining project work.

پیش بینی هزینه کارهای باقیمانده: هزینه مورد انتظار برای پایان تمام کارهای باقیمانده پروژه .

ETC Estimate to Completion

ETC EAC

Estimating Methods

Methods used to develop an approximation of work, time, or cost on a project.

روشهای برآورد، روشهای تخمین: روش‌هایی که برای ایجاد تقریبی از کار، زمان یا هزینه در یک پروژه استفاده می‌شوند.

Estimation Poker

A collaborative relative estimation technique in which there is an agreed-upon scale used for the relative estimates. See also relative estimation.

ETC

Estimate To Complete

پیش بینی هزینه کارهای باقیمانده

Ethics

Acting with integrity and displaying behavior that is honest.

EV

Earned Value

Evaluate Acceptance Results and Address Defects

The process of deciding what to do with the results from a comparison of the defined acceptance criteria against the solution.

Evaluated Acceptance Results

The comparison between the acceptance criteria and the actual results, along with the root cause for variances or defects, the analysis of the cost to address the defect, and the business impact of addressing it or accepting it.

Evaluate Solution Performance

The process of evaluating a solution to determine whether the implemented solution or solution component is delivering the business value as intended.

Evaluation

See solution evaluation.

Event

For business analysis, an event is an action of interest to a business, for which there is often a planned response.

Event List

A scope model that describes any external events that trigger solution behavior.

Event Trigger

See trigger.

Evidence of need

Signs or symptoms indicating that a customer may be facing challenges in a specific area; used to identify potential PMO service opportunities

EVM

Earned Value Management

EVMS

earned value management system

Evo

evolutionary value delivery

Evolutionary Prototype

A prototype that is the actual finished solution in process. See also prototypes.

Evolutionary Value Delivery (EVO)

Openly credited as the first agile method that contains a specific component no other methods have: the focus on delivering multiple measurable value requirements to stakeholders.

EVT

earned value technique

Exception plan

An exception plan is an agreed-upon set of actions to be taken if a threshold is crossed or forecast. Exception plans do not have to be formal; they can be as simple as calling a stakeholder meeting to discuss the matter. 

برنامه جبرانی، برنامه اصلاحی: مجموعه ای از اقدامات توافق شده است که در صورت عبور یا پیش بینی عبور از یک آستانه اجرا می‌گردد. این برنامه‌ها لزوماً نباید رسمی باشند و می‌توانند به سادگی فراخوانی یک جلسه ذینفعان برای بحث در مورد موضوع باشند.

Execute

Directing, managing, performing, and accomplishing the project work; providing the deliverables; and providing work performance information.

اجرا: هدایت، مدیریت، اجرا و تکمیل کارهای پروژه؛ ارائه/تدارک دستاوردها/تحویل دادنی‌ها؛ و ارائه اطلاعات عملکردی کار یا پروژه.

Executing Process Group

Those processes performed to complete the work defined in the project management plan to satisfy the project requirements.

گروه فرآیندی اجرا: این فرآیندها برای تکمیل کار تعریف شده در برنامه مدیریت پروژه برای برآوردن الزامات پروژه انجام می‌شود.

RSRastak PMBOK GPS Executing Process Group

Expected Finish Date

A date constraint placed on both the activity early and late finish dates of an in-progress schedule activity that affects when the schedule activity can be scheduled for completion and is usually in the form of a fixed imposed date. See also finish date and project finish date.

Expected Monetary Value (EMV)

The estimated value of an outcome expressed in monetary terms.

ارزش پولی مورد انتظار: ارزش تخمینی یک نتیجه که به صورت پولی بیان می‌شود.

Expected Monetary Value (EMV)

Expert Judgment

Judgment provided based upon expertise in an application area, knowledge area, discipline, industry, etc, as appropriate for the activity being performed. Such expertise may be provided by any group or person with specialized education, knowledge, skill, experience, or training.

مشورت با افراد خبره، قضاوت کارشناسی فرد خبره، قضاوت کارشناسی: قضاوت مبتنی بر تخصص در یک زمینه کاری، حوزه دانش، رشته، صنعت، و غیره، متناسب با فعالیت در حال انجام. چنین تخصصی ممکن است توسط گروه یا فردی با تحصیلات، دانش، مهارت، تجربه یا آموزش تخصصی ارائه شود.

Explicit Knowledge

Knowledge that can be codified using symbols such as words, numbers, and pictures.

دانش آشکار، دانش صریح: دانشی که می‌تواند با استفاده از نمادهایی مانند کلمات، اعداد و تصاویر تدوین شود.

Knowledge Explicit Tacit

Exploration stage

The initial phase in the PMO customer experience cycle focused on understanding the current landscape, customer needs, and potential opportunities

Exploratory Testing

An unscripted, free-form validation or evaluation activity conducted by someone with in-depth business or testing knowledge to validate the solution and discover product errors.

External Dependency

A relationship between project activities and non-project activities.

وابستگی خارجی: رابطه بین فعالیت‌های پروژه‌ و فعالیت‌های غیر پروژه‌ای.

Dependency

External Entity

A source or receiver of business information that is outside of the scope of the system under study.

External Event

An action that is triggered outside of the boundary of the system under study where there is an expectation that the planned response to that action is within scope.

eXtreme Programming

An agile software development method that leads to higher quality software, a greater responsiveness to changing customer requirements, and more frequent releases in shorter cycles.

F

Facilitated Workshops

In business analysis, facilitated workshops use a structured meeting led by a skilled, neutral facilitator and a carefully selected group of stakeholders to collaborate and work toward a stated objective. Requirements workshops bring together a carefully selected group of stakeholders to collaborate, explore, and evaluate product requirements.

Facilitate Product Roadmap Development

The process of supporting the development of a product roadmap that outlines, at a high level, which aspects of a product are planned for delivery over a course of the portfolio, program, or one or more project iterations or releases, and the potential sequence for the delivery of these aspects.

Facilitation

The collection of activities involved in directing and coordinating work among groups of people.

Fallback Plan

Fallback plans include an alternative set of actions and tasks available in the event that the primary plan needs to be abandoned because of issues, risks, or other causes.

برنامه پشتیبان، برنامه B: برنامه‌ پشتیبان شامل مجموعه‌ای از اقدامات و فعالیت‌های جایگزین است برای مواقعی که به دلیل مسائل، مشکلات، ریسک‌ها یا دلایل دیگر لازم است برنامه اولیه کنار گذاشته یا رها شود.

Fallback Plan

Fast Tracking

A schedule compression method in which activities or phases normally done in sequence are performed in parallel for at least a portion of their duration.

همپوشانی، سرعت بخشی: یک روش فشرده‌سازی زمان‌بندی که در آن فعالیت‌ها یا فازهایی که معمولاً متوالی انجام می‌شوند، حداقل برای بخشی از مدت زمان‌شان به صورت موازی انجام می‌شوند.

Fast Tracking Crashing Compression

Feasibility Analysis

A study that produces a potential recommendation to address business needs. It examines feasibility using one or more of the following variables: operational, technology/system, cost-effectiveness, and timeliness of the potential solution.

Feasibility Assessment

See feasibility analysis.

Feasibility Study Results

The summarized outcomes obtained from the completion of the feasibility analysis.

Feature

A set of related requirements or functionalities that provides value to an organization.

ویژگی: مجموعه ای از الزامات یا عملکردهای مرتبط که برای سازمان خلق ارزش می‌کند.

Feature

Feature-Driven Development

A lightweight agile software development method driven from the perspective of features valued by clients.

Feature Injection

A framework and set of principles used to improve and expedite how a product team develops and analyzes product requirements.

Feature Model

A scope model that visually represents all the features of a solution arranged in a tree or hierarchical structure.

Fee

Represents profit as a component of compensation to a seller.

اجرت، سود: بیانگر سود به عنوان بخشی از جبران خدمت به فروشنده می باشد.

FF

Finish-to-Finish

FFP

Firm Fixed Price

Fibonacci Sequence

A numeric sequence in which each succeeding number is the sum of the two previous numbers, such as 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21 etc.

Finish Date

A point in time associated with a schedule activity’s completion. Usually qualified by one of the following: actual, planned, estimated, scheduled, early, late, baseline, target, or current.

تاريخ پايان: یک نقطه زمانی مرتبط با تکمیل یک فعالیت زمانبندی. معمولاً با یکی از موارد زیر مطرح می‌شود: واقعی، برنامه ریزی شده، تخمینی، برنامه ریزی شده، زودهنگام، دیرهنگام، مبنا، عدد هدف، یا عدد فعلی.

Finish Not Earlier Than

A schedule constraint placed on the schedule activity that affects when a schedule activity can be scheduled and is usually in the form of a fixed imposed date.

Finish Not Later Than

A schedule constraint placed on the schedule activity that affects when a schedule activity can be scheduled and is usually in the form of a fixed imposed date.

Finish On

A date constraint placed on the schedule activity that requires the schedule activity to finish on a specific date.

Finish-to-Finish

A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot finish until a predecessor activity has finished. See also finish-to-start, start-to-finish, start-to-start, and logical relationship.

Finish-to-Finish (FF)

A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot finish until a predecessor activity has finished.

پايان به پايان: یک رابطه منطقی که در آن فعالیت پس‌نیاز نمی‌تواند به پایان برسد تا زمانی که فعالیت پیش نیاز به پایان برسد.

Finish to Finish Relationship

Finish-to-Start

A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot finish until a predecessor activity has finished. See also finish-to-start, start-to-finish, start-to-start, and logical relationship.

Finish-to-Start (FS)

A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot start until a predecessor activity has finished.

پايان به شروع: یک رابطه منطقی که در آن یک فعالیت جانشین نمی تواند شروع شود تا زمانی که یک فعالیت قبلی به پایان برسد.

Finish-to-Start (FS)

Firm Fixed Price Contract (FFP)

A type of fixed-price contract where the buyer pays the seller a set amount (as defined by the contract), regardless of the seller's costs.

قرارداد قیمت ثابت مقطوع: نوعی قرارداد قیمت ثابت که در آن خریدار بدون توجه به هزینه‌های فروشنده، مبلغ معینی (همانطور که در قرارداد تعریف شده است) به فروشنده می‌پردازد.

Fishbone diagram

See Cause and Effect Diagram.

نمودار استخوان ماهی: واژه نمودار علت و معلول را ببینید.

Fishbone Diagram

A version of a cause-and-effect diagram that depicts a problem and its root causes in a visual manner. It uses a fish image, listing the problem at the head, with causes and subcauses of the problem represented as bones of the fish. See also cause and effect diagram.

Fit for Purpose

A product that is suitable for its intended purpose

Fit for Use

A product that is usable in its current form to achieve its intended purpose

Five Whys

A technique for conducting root cause analysis suggesting anyone trying to understand a problem needs to ask why it is occurring up to five times to thoroughly understand its causes.

Fixed Duration

A type of activity where the length of time required to complete the activity remains constant regardless of the number of people or resources assigned to the activity.

مدت زمان ثابت: نوعی فعالیت که در آن مدت زمان لازم برای تکمیل فعالیت بدون توجه به تعداد افراد یا منابع اختصاص داده شده به فعالیت ثابت می‌ماند.

Fixed-Price Contract

An agreement that sets the fee that will be paid for a defined scope of work regardless of the cost or effort to deliver it.

قرارداد قیمت ثابت: توافقی که هزینه‌ای قابل پرداخت را برای محدوده مشخصی کار بدون توجه به هزینه یا تلاش مورد نیاز برای تحویل آن تعیین می‌کند.

Fixed Price Incentive Fee Contract (FPIF)

A type of contract where the buyer pays the seller a set amount (as defined by the contract), and the seller can earn an additional amount if the seller meets defined performance criteria.

قرارداد قیمت ثابت با اجرت انگیزشی، قرارداد قیمت ثابت با اجرت تشویقی و تنبیهی: نوعی قرارداد که در آن خریدار مبلغ مشخصی را به فروشنده می‌پردازد (همانطور که در قرارداد تعریف شده است)، و فروشنده می‌تواند مبلغ اضافی را در صورت رعایت معیارهای عملکرد تعریف شده به دست آورد.

Fixed Price with Economic Price Adjustment Contract (FPEPA)

A fixed-price contract, but with a special provision allowing for predefined final adjustments to the contract price due to changed conditions, such as inflation changes, or cost increases (or decreases) for specific commodities.

قرارداد قیمت ثابت با تطبیق قیمت‌ها، قرارداد قیمت ثابت با تعدیل: قراردادی قیمت ثابت، اما با شرط خاصی که امکان تعدیل‌های نهایی از پیش تعریف‌شده را در قیمت قرارداد به دلیل تغییر شرایط، مانند تغییرات تورم، یا افزایش (یا کاهش) هزینه برای کالاهای خاص، فراهم می‌کند.

Float

Also called slack. See total float and free float.

شناوری: Slack نیز نامیده می‌شود. واژه شناوری کل یا تجمعی و شناوری آزاد را هم ببینید.

Flow

The measure of how efficiently work moves through a given process or framework.

جریان کارها، گردش کارها: شاخصی برای میزان کارآمدی کار در یک فرآیند یا چارچوب معین.

Flowchart

The depiction in a diagram format of the inputs, process actions, and outputs of one or more processes within a system.

فلوچارت، نمودار جریان کار، نمودار جریان: نمایش ورودی‌ها، اقدامات فرآیند و خروجی‌های یک یا چند فرآیند درون یک سیستم در قالب یک نمودار.

Flowchart

Flow Master

The coach for a team and service request manager working in a continuous flow or Kanban context. Equivalent to Scrum Master.

Focus Group

An elicitation technique that brings together prequalified stakeholders and subject matter experts to learn about their expectations and attitudes about a proposed product, service, or result.

Focus Groups

An elicitation technique that brings together prequalified stakeholders and subject matter experts to learn about their expectations and attitudes about a proposed product, service, or result.

گروه های تخصصی، گروه های متمرکز: یک تکنیک استخراج داده‌ها که ذینفعان واجد شرایط و متخصصان را گرد هم می آورد تا درباره انتظارات و نگرش‌های آنها در مورد محصول، خدمت یا نتیجه پیشنهادی اطلاعات کسب کنند.

Focus Group

Force Field Analysis

A decision-making technique that can be used to help product teams analyze whether there is sufficient support to pursue a change.

Forecast

An estimate or prediction of conditions and events in the project's future based on information and knowledge available at the time of the forecast.

پيش‌بينی: برآورد یا پیش‌بینی شرایط و رویدادهای آینده پروژه بر اساس اطلاعات و دانش موجود در زمان پیش‌بینی.

Forecasts

Estimates or predictions of conditions and events in the project�s future based on information and knowledge available at the time of the forecast. Forecasts are updated and reissued based on work performance information provided as the project is executed.

Formality

For business analysis, formality is the degree of conformance to a precise detailed format of documentation and to following established procedures which a group or organization may require for business analysis work products and activities.

Forward Pass

A critical path method technique for calculating the early start and early finish dates by working forward through the schedule model from the project start date or a given point in time.

حركت پیشروی: یک تکنیک روش مسیر بحرانی برای محاسبه تاریخ‌های زودهنگام شروع و پایان با پیش‌روی در مدل زمانبندی از تاریخ شروع پروژه یا یک نقطه زمانی معین.

CPM Forward Pass

Forward Traceability

A technique that establishes the relationship of a requirement to the design or code which implements it or to tests which verify that it has been satisfied.

FPEPA

Fixed Price with Economic Price Adjustment

FPIF

Fixed Price Incentive Fee

Framework

A basic system or structure of ideas or facts that support an approach

Free Float

The amount of time that a schedule activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date of any successor or violating a schedule constraint.

شناوری آزاد: مدت زمانی که می‌توان یک فعالیت را بدون تأخیر در تاریخ شروع زودهنگام فعالیت پس‌نیازش یا نقض یک محدودیت زمانبندی به تأخیر انداخت.

FS

Finish to Start

Functional Organization

An organizational structure in which staff is grouped by areas of specialization and the project manager has limited authority to assign work and apply resources.

ساختار تخصصی، ساختار وظیفه‌ای: ساختار سازمانی که در آن کارکنان بر اساس حوزه‌های تخصصی گروه‌بندی می‌شوند و مدیر پروژه اختیارات محدودی برای واگذاری کار و استفاده از منابع دارد.

Functional Organization

Functional Requirement

A specific behavior that a product or service should perform

Functional Specification

A specific function that a system or application is required to perform. Typically represented in a functional specifications document.

Function Point

An estimate of the amount of business functionality in an information system, used to calculate the functional size measurement of a software system.

امتیاز کاربری: تخمینی از میزان عملکرد تجاری در یک سیستم اطلاعاتی، که برای محاسبه اندازه عملکردی یک سیستم نرم افزاری استفاده می‌شود.

Function Point

Funding Limit Reconciliation

The process of comparing the planned expenditure of project funds against any limits on the commitment of funds for the project to identify any variances between the funding limits and the planned expenditures.

تطبیق با محدودیتهای سرمایه‌ای: فرآیند مقایسه هزینه‌های برنامه ریزی شده وجوه پروژه در برابر هرگونه محدودیت در تعهد تأمین سرمایه برای پروژه برای شناسایی هرگونه اختلاف بین محدودیت‌های سرمایه و هزینه‌های برنامه‌ریزی شده.

Funding Limit Reconciliation

Future State

Desired mode of operations once a solution is implemented.

G

Gantt Chart

A bar chart of schedule information where activities are listed on the vertical axis, dates are shown on the horizontal axis, and activity durations are shown as horizontal bars placed according to start and finish dates.

نمودار گانت: نمودار میله‌ای از اطلاعات زمانبندی که در آن فعالیت‌ها در محور عمودی فهرست می‌شوند، تاریخ‌ها در محور افقی نشان داده می‌شوند، و مدت‌زمان فعالیت‌ها به‌عنوان میله‌های افقی بر اساس تاریخ شروع و پایان نشان داده می‌شوند.


Gap Analysis

A technique for understanding the gap between current capabilities and needed capabilities. Filling the gap is what comprises a solution recommendation.

Glossary

In business analysis, a glossary is used to list terms, definitions, and acronyms. Glossaries typically include the list of terms the organization most commonly defines differently from its industry or across its own organization as well as terms that are unfamiliar.

Goal

Something that an organization seeks to accomplish or achieve.

Goal Model

A business analysis model that shows the stakeholder goals for a solution with any supporting or conflicting goal relationships indicated.

Goals

The general statements that indicate what is to be achieved relative to an organization's vision.

Governance

The framework for directing and enabling an organization through its established policies, practices, and other relevant documentation.

راهبری، حکمرانی، حاکمیت: چارچوبی برای هدایت و توانمندسازی یک سازمان از طریق سیاست‌ها، شیوه‌ها و سایر اسناد مرتبط.

Governance decisions

Portfolio-governing body decisions based on portfolio performance, component proposals, and risks as well as capacity and capability of resources, funding allocations, and future investment requirements.

Governance Recommendations

Portfolio-governing recommendations based on portfolio performance, component proposals, and risks as well as capability and capacity of resources, funding allocations, and future investment requirements.

Grade

A category or rank used to distinguish items that have the same functional use but do not share the same requirements for quality.

درجه، گرید: دسته یا رتبه‌ای که برای تشخیص اقلامی استفاده می شود که کاربری یکسانی دارند اما الزامات یکسانی برای کیفیت ندارند (از نظر کیفیت یکسان نیستند).

Grade

Graph

A visual graphical display using lines and shapes to represent data values, such as project status or forecast information.

Ground Rule

An expectation regarding acceptable behavior for team members.

Ground Rules

Expectations regarding acceptable behavior by project team members.

قواعد کاری، اصول پایه‌ای، قواعد اساسی: انتظارات مربوط به رفتارهای قابل قبول اعضای تیم پروژه.

Ground Rules

Growth Share Matrix

See product portfolio matrix.

H

Hammock Activity

An activity whose duration is aggregated by logical relationships from a group of related activities within the schedule model. See also summary activity.

Hierarchy Chart

A chart that begins with high-level information that is progressively decomposed into lower levels of detail.

نمودار سلسله مراتبی: نموداری که با اطلاعات سطح بالا شروع شده و به تدریج به سطوح پایین‌تری از جزئیات تجزیه می‌شود.


High Fidelity

A high-quality reproduction of something that is identical to, or indistinguishable from, the thing or functionality or concept which it replicates.

High-Fidelity Prototype

A method of prototyping that creates a functioning representation of the final finished solution to the user. High-fidelity prototyping is performed using a programming language or a pseudo language of the solution to be demonstrated.

Histogram

A bar chart that shows the graphical representation of numerical data.

نمودار هیستوگرام، نمودار فراوانی: نمودار میله‌ای که نمایش گرافیکی داده‌های عددی را نشان می‌دهد.

Histogram

Historical Information

Documents and data on prior projects including project files, records, correspondence, closed contracts, and closed projects.

سوابق اطلاعاتی: اسناد و داده‌های پروژه‌های قبلی شامل پرونده‌های پروژه، سوابق، مکاتبات، قراردادها و پروژه‌های خاتمه یافته.

Hoshin Kanri

A strategy or policy deployment method

Hybrid Approach

A combination of two or more agile and nonagile elements, having a nonagile end result.

رویکرد ترکیبی، هایبرید: ترکیبی از دو یا چند عنصر چابک و غیر چابک که نتیجه نهایی غیر چابک دارد.

Hybrid Approach

I

IDEAL

An organizational improvement model that is named for the five phases it describes: initiating, diagnosing, establishing, acting, and learning

Identify and Analyze Product Risks

The process of uncovering and examining assumptions and uncertainties that could positively or negatively affect success in the definition, development, and the expected results of the solution.

Identify Problem or Opportunity

The process of identifying the problem to be solved or the opportunity to be pursued.

Identify Risks

The process of identifying individual risks as well as sources of overall risk and documenting their characteristics.

شناسايی ريسك‌ها: فرآیند شناسایی ریسک‌های مجزا بهمراه منشاء‌های/مبادی/سرچشمه‌های کلی ریسک و مستندسازی ویژگی‌های آنها.

Identify Stakeholders

The process of identifying project stakeholders regularly and analyzing and documenting relevant information regarding their interests, involvement, interdependencies, influence, and potential impact on project success.

شناسايی ذینفعان: فرآیند شناسایی منظم ذینفعان پروژه و تجزیه و تحلیل و مستندسازی اطلاعات مرتبط با آنها در مورد منافع/علایق، میزان مشارکت، وابستگی‌های متقابل، میزان تأثیر و اثر بالقوه آنها بر موفقیت پروژه.

IEAC

independent estimate at completion

IEACc

independent estimate at completion expressed in cost

IEACt

independent estimate at completion expressed in time

IETC

independent estimate to complete

IFB

Invitation For Bid

Impact

A measure of the effect of a risk on one or more objectives if it occurs.

Impact Analysis

A technique for evaluating a change in relation to how it will affect other requirements, the product,

Impact Mapping

A strategic planning method that serves as a visual roadmap for the organization during product development.

نقشه‌کشی اثر، نگاشت اثر: یک روش برنامه‌ریزی استراتژیک که به صورت یک نقشه راه تصویری/بصری برای سازمان در طول توسعه محصول عمل می‌کند.

Impact Mapping

Impediment

An obstacle that prevents the team from achieving its objectives. Also known as a blocker.

مانع، مسدود کننده: مانعی که تیم را از دستیابی به اهدافش باز می‌دارد. همچنین به عنوان مسدود کننده شناخته می شود.

Obstacle-Impediment

Implement Risk Responses

The process of implementing agreed-upon risk response plans.

اجرای پاسخ‌های ریسک: فرآیند اجرای برنامه‌های توافق شده پاسخ به ریسک.

Imposed Date

A fixed date imposed on a schedule activity or schedule milestone, usually in the form of a “start no earlier than” and “finish no later than” date.

تاريخ تحميلی: تاریخ ثابتی که بر یک فعالیت یا مایلستون زمانبندی تحمیل می‌شود، معمولاً به‌صورت تاریخ «شروع نشود زودتر از» و «پایان نیابد دیرتر از».

Incentive Fee

A set of financial incentives related to cost, schedule, or technical performance of the seller.

اجرت انگیزشی، اجرت تشویقی-تنبیهی: مجموعه‌ای از مشوق‌های مالی مربوط به هزینه، زمانبندی یا عملکرد فنی فروشنده.

Increment

A functional, tested, and accepted deliverable that is a subset of the overall project outcome

Incremental Approach

An adaptive development approach in which the deliverable is produced successively, adding functionality until the deliverable contains the necessary and sufficient capability to be considered complete.

رویکرد افزایشی، رویکرد تکمیلی، رویکرد توسعه‌ای: یک رویکرد توسعه تطبیقی که در آن دستاورد/کالای تحویلی به‌طور متوالی تولید می‌شود و قابلیت‌هایی را تا زمانی که کالای تحویلی دارای قابلیت لازم و کافی برای کامل در نظر گرفتن باشد، اضافه می‌کند.

Incremental Development Approach

Incremental Life Cycle

An approach that provides finished deliverables that the customer may be able to use immediately.

Indefinite Delivery Indefinite Quantity (IDIQ)

A contract that provides for an indefinite quantity of goods or services, with a stated lower and upper limit, within a fixed time period.

تحویل نامحدود تعداد نامحدود: قراردادی که مقدار نامحدودی از کالاها یا خدمات را با حد پایین و بالایی اعلام شده در یک بازه زمانی معین فراهم می‌کند.


IDIQ

Independent Estimate at Completion (IEAC)

A mathematical or statistical approach to project an EAC or a range of EACs using EVM data. These EAC calculations are independent of any future project or environmental conditions, and are not a replacement for a derived (bottom-up) project EAC.

Independent Estimate at Completion (time) (IEACt)

A mathematical or statistical approach to calculate a project duration or range of durations using EVM data. Using earned schedule, the IEACt is equal to the planned duration divided by SPIt.

Independent Estimates

A process of using a third party to obtain and analyze information to support prediction of cost, schedule, or other items.

برآورد مستقل، قیمت پایه: فرآیند استفاده از شخص ثالث/سوم برای کسب و تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات به منظور کمک به پیش‌بینی هزینه، زمانبندی یا موارد دیگر.

Independent Estimate to Complete (IETC)

A mathematical or statistical approach to calculate a project completion date or range of completion dates using EVM data. The IETC is equal to the project start date plus the IEACt.

Industry Knowledge

Expertise in and familiarity with the industry in which an organization is participating and includes knowledge about an organization's competitors, industry trends and challenges, applicable business models, etc.

Industry-specific profile

The unique characteristics, challenges, and good practices of the organization’s industry that influence PMO operations

Influence Diagram

A graphical representation of situations showing causal influences, time ordering of events, and other relationships among variables and outcomes.

نمودار تأثیرگذاری: یک نمایش گرافیکی از موقعیت‌ها که تأثیرات سببی، ترتیب زمانی رویدادها و سایر روابط بین متغیرها و نتایج را نشان می‌دهد.

Influence Diagram

Information

Organized or structured data, processed for a specific purpose to make it meaningful, valuable, and useful in specific contexts. 

اطلاعات: داده‌های سازمان‌یافته یا ساختاریافته،که برای دلیل و هدفی خاص پردازش شده تا آنها را در زمینه‌ای خاص معنی‌دار، ارزشمند و مفید سازد.

DIKW = Data Information Knowledge Wisdom

Information Management Systems

Facilities, processes, and procedures used to collect, store, and distribute information between producers and consumers of information in physical or electronic format.

سیستم‌های مدیریت اطلاعات: امکانات، فرآیندها و رویه‌هایی که برای جمع‌آوری، ذخیره و توزیع اطلاعات بین تولیدکنندگان و مصرف‌کنندگان اطلاعات در قالب فیزیکی یا الکترونیکی استفاده می‌شوند.

Information Radiator

A visible, physical display that provides information to the rest of the organization, enabling timely knowledge sharing.

رادیاتور اطلاعات: یک صفحه نمایش فیزیکی قابل مشاهده که اطلاعات را در اختیار بقیه سازمان قرار می‌دهد و امکان اشتراک به موقع دانش را فراهم می‌کند.

Information Radiator Visual Controls

Initiating Process Group

Those processes performed to define a new project or a new phase of an existing project by obtaining authorization to start the project or phase.

گروه فرآیندی آغازين: دسته‌ای از فرآیندها که برای تعریف یک پروژه جدید یا یک فاز جدید از یک پروژه موجود با اخذ مجوز برای شروع پروژه یا فاز انجام می‌شود.

RSRastak PMBOK GPS - Initiating Process Group

Input

Any item, whether internal or external to the project, which is required by a process before that process proceeds. May be an output from a predecessor process.

ورودی: هر موردی، چه داخل و چه خارج پروژه، که توسط یک فرآیند قبل از ادامه آن فرآیند مورد نیاز است. ممکن است خروجی یک فرآیند قبلی باشد.

ITTO Inputs Tools and Techniques Outputs

Inspection

Examination of a work product to determine whether it conforms to documented standards.

بازرسی: بررسی یک محصول کاری برای تعیین اینکه آیا با استانداردهای مستند مطابقت دارد یا خیر.

Inspection

Integrated

Interrelated, interconnected, interlocked, or meshed components blended and unified into a functioning or unified whole.

Interaction Matrix

A lightweight version of a traceability matrix that is used to figure out whether requirements are sufficiently detailed or if any entities are missing. See also requirements traceability matrix and CRUD matrix.

Interface Model

A model that shows how the solution interacts with other systems and users.

Internal Dependency

A relationship between two or more project activities.

وابستگی داخلی: رابطه بین دو یا چند فعالیت پروژه.

Dependency

Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

The projected annual yield of an investment, incorporating both initial and ongoing costs into an estimated percentage growth rate a given project is expected to have.

Interpersonal and Team Skills

Skills used to effectively lead and interact with team members and other stakeholders.

مهارت‌های بین فردی و تیمی: مهارت‌هایی که برای رهبری موثر و تعامل با اعضای تیم و سایر ذینفعان استفاده می‌شود.

Interpersonal Skills

Skills used to establish and maintain relationships with other people.

مهارت‌های میان فردی، مهارت‌های بین فردی: مهارت‌های مورد استفاده برای ایجاد و حفظ روابط با افراد دیگر.

Interpersonal Skills

Interrelationship Diagram

A special type of cause-and-effect diagram that depicts related causes and effects for a given situation. Interrelationship diagrams help to uncover the most significant causes and effects involved in a situation. See also cause and effect diagram.

Interview

A formal or informal approach to elicit information from stakeholders by talking to them directly.

مصاحبه: یک رویکرد رسمی یا غیر رسمی برای استخراج اطلاعات از ذینفعان از طریق صحبت مستقیم با آنها.

Interview

Intuitive Reasoning

Using instinct to drive decision making.

Inventory of Work

A list of active work that may be potential portfolio components and a starting point to develop a portfolio.

INVEST

The characteristics that user stories need to demonstrate to be considered good and ready for development in adaptive approaches. An acronym that is commonly considered to stand for the following characteristics: independent, negotiable, valuable, estimable, small, and testable.

Invitation for Bid (IFB)

Generally, this term is equivalent to request for proposal. However, in some application areas, it may have a narrower or more specific meaning.

دعوت به مناقصه: به طور کلی، این اصطلاح معادل درخواست پیشنهاد است. با این حال، در برخی از حوزه‌های کاری، ممکن است معنای محدودتر یا خاص‌تری داشته باشد.

IPT

integrated project team

IRR

Internal Rate of Return

I-shaped

Refers to a person with a single deep area of specialization and no interest or skill in the rest of the skills required by the team. See also T-Shaped and Broken Comb.

Ishikawa Diagram

See fishbone diagram and cause and effect diagram.

Issue

A current condition or situation that may have an impact on the project objectives.

موضوع، مسئله، چالش، مشکل: شرایط یا وضعیت موجود که ممکن است بر اهداف پروژه تأثیر بگذارد (و نیازمند رسیدگی است).

Issue

Issue Log

A project document where information about issues is recorded and monitored.

فهرست موضوعات (نیازمند رسیدگی)، فهرست مسائل یا مشکلات: یک سند پروژه که در آن اطلاعات مربوط به مسائل/مشکلات پروژه ثبت و نظارت می شود.

Issue Log


Excel 2007 spreadsheet issue-log.xlsx

Iteration

A timeboxed cycle of development on a product or deliverable in which all of the work that is needed to deliver value is performed. Also known as Sprint.

تکرار، چرخه، فاز کوتاه، دوره کاری کوتاه، دوره سعی و خطا: چرخه‌ای با فرجه زمانی برای توسعه یک محصول یا دستاورد/تحویل دادنی که در آن تمام کارهایی که برای خلق/تحویل ارزش لازم است، انجام می‌شود. به عنوان اسپرینت نیز شناخته می‌شود.

Iteration Sprint

Iteration 0

On adaptive projects, iteration 0 is the iteration where the initial planning for all iterations occur. In some approaches it might be called sprint 0.

Iteration Backlog

The subset of the product backlog that was chosen during iteration planning to be delivered during a specific iteration. Also known as a sprint backlog. See also backlog and iteration planning.

Iteration Plan

A detailed plan for the current iteration. Also known as Sprint Backlog.

برنامه چرخه یا تکرار یا اسپرینت یا فاز کوتاه: برنامه‌ای تفصیلی/با جزئیات برای چرخه/تکرار جاری.

Iteration Planning

A meeting to clarify the details of the backlog items, acceptance criteria, and work effort required to meet an upcoming iteration commitment. AKA Sprint Planning. 

برنامه‌ریزی تکرار یا چرخه یا اسپرینت : جلسه‌ای برای شفاف‌سازی جزئیات اقلام بک لاگ (فهرست کارها و الزامات)، معیارهای پذیرش، و تلاش کاری مورد نیاز برای انجام تعهدات چرخه/تکرار پیش رو.

Iteration or Sprint Planning

Iteration Review

A meeting held at the end of an iteration to demonstrate the work that was accomplished during the iteration. AKA Sprint Review.

مرور تکرار، مرور چرخه، بررسی چرخه: جلسه‌ای که در پایان یک چرخه/تکرار برای نمایش کاری که در طول چرخه/تکرار انجام شده، برگزار می شود.

Iteration Review - Sprint Review

Iterative Approach

A development approach that focuses on an initial, simplified implementation then progressively elaborates adding to the feature set until the final deliverable is complete.

رویکرد تکرارپذیر: یک رویکرد توسعه که بر روی یک پیاده‌سازی اولیه و ساده تمرکز می‌کند، سپس به تدریج به مجموعه ویژگی‌ها اضافه می‌کند تا اینکه تحویل نهایی کامل شود.

Iterative Development Approach

Iterative Life Cycle

An approach that allows feedback for unfinished work to improve and modify that work

J

Job Analysis

A technique used to identify job requirements and the competencies needed to perform effectively in a specific job.

K

Kaizen Events

Events aimed at improvement of the system

Kanban

An adaptive life cycle in which items are pulled from a backlog and started when other product backlog items are completed. Kanban also establishes work-in-progress limits to constrain the number of product backlog items that can be in progress at any point in time.

Kanban Board

A visualization tool that shows work in progress to help identify bottlenecks and overcommitments, thereby allowing the team to optimize the workflow.

تخته کانبان، برد کانبان: یک ابزار تصویری/تجسمی که کارهای در حال انجام را نشان می‌دهد تا به شناسایی گلوگاه‌ها و اضافه تعهدات کمک کند، در نتیجه به تیم اجازه می دهد تا گردش کارها را بهینه کند.

Kanban Board

Kanban Method

An agile method inspired by the original Kanban inventory control system and used specifically for knowledge work

Kano Analysis

A technique used to model and analyze product features by considering the features from the viewpoint of the customer.

Key Criteria

Predetermined measures, values, or conditions used in a scoring model to measure alignment with strategic goals.

Key descriptors

A set of characteristics used to categorize and document a portfolio component for further decision making.

Key Performance Indicator (KPI)

Metrics usually defined by an organization's executives that are used to evaluate an organization's progress toward meeting the targets or end-states stated in their objectives or goals.

Key Stakeholder

A stakeholder who is identified as having a significant stake in a portfolio, program, or project, and who can hold key responsibilities such as approving requirements or approving changes to product scope.

Kickoff Meeting

A gathering of team members and other key stakeholders at the outset of a project to formally set expectations, gain a common understanding, and commence work.

جلسه افتتاحیه، جلسه شروع: گردهمایی اعضای تیم و سایر ذینفعان کلیدی در ابتدای پروژه برای تبیین رسمی انتظارات، ایجاد درک و فهم مشترک و شروع کار.

Knowledge

A mixture of experience, values and beliefs, contextual information, intuition, and insight that people use to make sense of new experiences and information.

دانش: ترکیبی از تجربه، ارزش‌ها و باورها، اطلاعات زمینه‌ای، شهود و بینش که افراد از آنها برای کسب تجربیات و اطلاعات جدید استفاده می‌کنند.

DIKW = Data Information Knowledge Wisdom

Knowledge Area

A set of processes associated with a particular function.

KPI

key performance indicator

L

Lag

The amount of time whereby a successor activity will be delayed with respect to a predecessor activity.

پس افت، تأخير: مقدار زمانی که یک فعالیت پس‌نیاز/پسین نسبت به یک فعالیت پیش‌نیاز/پیشین به تعویق خواهد افتاد.

Lead and Lag

Large Scale Scrum (LeSS)

Large-Scale Scrum is a product development framework that extends Scrum with scaling guidelines while preserving the original purposes of Scrum.

Last Responsible Moment (LRM)

The concept of deferring a decision to allow the team to consider multiple options until the cost of further delay would exceed the benefit.

آخرین لحظه ممکن، آخرین لحظه معتبر: مفهوم به تعویق انداختن تصمیم که به تیم اجازه می‌دهد چندین گزینه را در نظر بگیرد (البته) تا زمانی که هزینه تأخیر/تعویق بیشتر، از منفعت آن بیشتر شود.

Last Responsible Moment LRM

Last Responsible Moment LRM

Late Finish Date

In the critical path method, the latest possible point in time when the uncompleted portions of a schedule activity can finish based on the schedule network logic, the project completion date, and any schedule constraints. See also early finish date, early start date, late start date, and schedule network analysis.

Late Finish Date (LF)

In the critical path method, the latest possible point in time when the uncompleted portions of a schedule activity can finish based on the schedule network logic, the project completion date, and any schedule constraints.

ديرترين تاريخ پايان، تاریخ پایان دیرهنگام: در روش مسیر بحرانی، آخرین/دیرترین نقطه زمانی ممکن که بخش‌های ناکامل یک فعالیت زمانبندی می‌تواند بر اساس منطق شبکه زمانبندی، تاریخ تکمیل پروژه و هرگونه محدودیت زمانبندی پایان یابد.


Late Start Date

In the critical path method, the latest possible point in time when the uncompleted portions of a schedule activity can start based on the schedule network logic, the project completion date, and any schedule constraints. See also early finish date, early start date, late finish date, and schedule network analysis.

Late Start Date (LS)

In the critical path method, the latest possible point in time when the uncompleted portions of a schedule activity can start based on the schedule network logic, the project completion date, and any schedule constraints.

ديرترين تاريخ شروع، تاریخ شروع دیرهنگام: در روش مسیر بحرانی، آخرین/دیرترین نقطه زمانی ممکن که بخش‌های ناکامل یک فعالیت زمانبندی می‌تواند بر اساس منطق شبکه زمانبندی، تاریخ تکمیل پروژه و هرگونه محدودیت زمانبندی شروع شود.


Lead

The amount of time whereby a successor activity can be advanced with respect to a predecessor activity.

پیش افت، تعجيل: مقدار زمانی که یک فعالیت پس‌نیاز/پسین می‌تواند نسبت به یک فعالیت پیش‌نیاز/پیشین همپوشانی داشته باشد (تسریع شود).

Lead and Lag

Leadership

The actions and efforts of a group of people toward a common goal, which enables them to work as a team.

Leadership Skills

A category of skills in business analysis consisting of the skills to direct a group of people to work together toward a common goal.

Lead Time

The time between a customer request and the actual delivery.

بازه زمانی تحویل: فاصله زمانی بین درخواست مشتری و تحویل واقعی (به مشتری).

Lead Time Cycle Time

Lead Time Chart

A diagram showing the trend over time of the average lead time of the items completed in work.

نمودار زمان تحویل، نمودار بازه زمانی تحویل، نمودار دوره زمانی تحویل: نموداری که روند میانگین زمان تحویل اقلام تکمیل شده را در طول زمان نشان می‌دهد.

Lead time chart

Lean Software Development (LSD)

Lean software development is an adaptation of lean manufacturing principles and practices to the software development domain and is based on a set of principles and practices for achieving quality, speed, and customer alignment.

Lean Startup Canvas

A one-page template designed to communicate a business plan with key stakeholders in an efficient and effective manner.

بوم استارتاپ ناب، بوم مدل کسب و کار، بوم مدل کسب و کار استارت‌آپ: یک الگوی یک صفحه‌ای که برای نمایش و تبادل یک برنامه تجاری با ذینفعان کلیدی به شیوه‌ای کارآمد و موثر طراحی شده است.

Lean Startup Canvas

Lean Startup Canvas


Learner

A person who possesses a willingness to learn new skills, discover improved ways of doing things, and staying curious.

LeSS

Large-Scale Scrum

Lessons Learned

The knowledge gained during a project, which shows how project events were addressed or should be addressed in the future, for the purpose of improving future performance.

درس آموخته‌ها، آموخته‌ها: دانش به دست آمده در طول یک پروژه، که نشان می‌دهد چگونه به اتفاقات/رویدادهای پروژه پرداخته شده یا باید در آینده به منظور بهبود عملکرد آینده پرداخته شود.

Lessons Learned

Lessons Learned

Lessons Learned Register

A project document used to record knowledge gained during a project, phase, or iteration so that it can be used to improve future performance for the team and the organization.

فهرست درس آموخته‌ها، فهرست آموخته‌ها: یک سند پروژه که برای ثبت دانش به دست آمده در طول یک پروژه، فاز، یا تکرار/چرخه استفاده می‌شود تا بتوان از آن برای بهبود عملکرد آینده تیم و سازمان استفاده کرد.

Lessons Learned Register Log

Lessons Learned Repository

A store of historical information about lessons learned in projects.

مخزن درس آموخته‌ها، پایگاه درس آموخته‌ها: ذخیره‌ای از سوابق اطلاعاتی در مورد درس‌های آموخته شده در پروژه‌ها.

Leveling

See resource leveling.

Level of Effort

An activity that does not produce definitive end products and is measured by the passage of time.

Level of Effort (LOE)

An activity that does not produce definitive end products and is measured by the passage of time.

کار پیوسته، کار پشتیبانی: فعالیتی که محصولات نهایی مشخصی تولید نمی‌کند و با گذشت زمان اندازه‌گیری می‌شود.

Types of Work, Types of Effort

پادکست انواع کارها از دیدگاه سیستم مدیریت ارزش کسب شده (Types of Works in EVMS)

در این پادکست، دکتر علی واحدی دیز به تشریح کامل انواع کارها از دیگاه سیستم مدیریت ارزش کسب شده می‌پردازد. کارها از دیدگاه EVMS به سه دسته کارهای گسسته (Discrete Effort)، پیوسته یا پشتیبانی (Level Of Effort) و وابسته (Apportioned Effort) تقسیم‌بندی می‌شود. این دسته‌بندی به اندازه‌گیری بهتر عملکرد پروژه کمک می‌کند و اشتباه رایج در تهیه WBS را هم برطرف می‌نماید. ممنون از اینکه همراه ما هستید و ما را از سوالات و نظرات خود آگاه می‌کنید.





LF

Late Finish date

Life Cycle

See project life cycle.

چرخه حيات: واژه چرخه حیات پروژه را ببینید. 

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

A tool used to evaluate the total environmental impact of a product, process, or system.

ارزیابی چرخه حیات: ابزاری است که برای ارزیابی کل اثرات زیست محیطی یک محصول، فرآیند یا سیستم استفاده می‌شود.

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

Life Cycle Knowledge

Having familiarity with the different frameworks that a given industry uses to identify phases of product development, from envisioning and planning through construction, iteration, and end-of-life.

LOE

Level Of Effort

Log

A document used to record and describe or denote selected items identified during execution of a process or activity. Usually used with a modifier, such as issue, change, or assumption.

فهرست، سابقه: سندی که برای ثبت و توصیف یا نشان دادن موارد منتخب شناسایی شده در طول اجرای یک فرآیند یا فعالیت استفاده می‌شود. معمولاً با یک پیراینده/آراینده مانند موضوع/مسئله، تغییر، یا فرض استفاده می‌شود.

Logic

See network logic.

Logical Relationship

A dependency between two activities or between an activity and a milestone. See also finish-to-finish, finish-to-start, start-to-finish, and start-to-start.

Logical Relationship

A dependency between two activities, or between an activity and a milestone.

رابطه منطقی: وابستگی بین دو فعالیت یا بین یک فعالیت و یک مایلستون/رویداد مهم.

Logical Relationship

Logical System

Conceptual, business, or theoretical entities that represent how people think about subdividing parts of a solution.

Logic Diagram

See project schedule network diagram.

Low Fidelity

A rough representation of something that enables someone to better understand the thing or functionality or concept which it illustrates.

Low-Fidelity Prototype

A method of prototyping that provides fixed sketches, diagrams, and notes to provide a visual representation of what a user interface will look like. Static prototypes do not demonstrate the operation of the system to the user; however, they are sometimes used to demonstrate navigation.

Low-Fidelity Wireframe

A method of prototyping or creating a mockup of web pages or screens that is sometimes used to demonstrate navigation. While some low-fidelity wireframes are created using electronic drawing tools, others are created using automated tools that support the evolution of the wireframe into a high-fidelity prototype.

LS

Late Start date

LSD

Lean Software Development

M

Maintainability

The ease with which a product can be kept in good working order, including the ability to make appropriate modifications.

Make-or-Buy Analysis

The process of gathering and organizing data about product requirements and analyzing them against available alternatives including the purchase or internal manufacture of the product.

تحلیل ساخت یا خرید، تحلیل درونسپاری یا برونسپاری: فرآیند جمع آوری و سازماندهی داده‌ها در مورد الزامات محصول و تجزیه و تحلیل آنها در برابر جایگزین‌های موجود از جمله خرید یا ساخت داخلی (برون یا درون سپاری) محصول.

Make-or-Buy Decisions

Decisions made regarding the external purchase or internal manufacture of a product.

تصمیمات ساخت یا خرید، تصمیمات درونسپاری یا برونسپاری: تصمیمات اتخاذ شده در مورد خرید یک محصول از خارج سازمان یا ساخت آن در داخل سازمان.

Manage Changes to Requirements and Other Product Information

The process of examining changes or defects that arise during a project by understanding the value and impact of the changes. As changes are agreed upon, information about those changes is reflected wherever necessary to support prioritization and eventual product development.

Manage Communications

The process of ensuring timely and appropriate collection, creation, distribution, storage, retrieval, management, monitoring, and the ultimate disposition of project information.

اجرای ارتباطات، اداره ارتباطات: فرآیند حصول اطمینان از جمع آوری به موقع و مناسب، ایجاد، توزیع، ذخیره سازی، بازیابی، مدیریت، نظارت و ذخیره نهایی اطلاعات پروژه است.

Management Reserve

An amount of the project budget or project schedule held outside of the performance measurement baseline for management control purposes that is reserved for unforeseen work that is within the project scope.

ذخیره مدیریتی: مقداری از بودجه پروژه یا زمان‌بندی پروژه که خارج از مبنای اندازه‌گیری عملکرد به دلیل کنترل مدیریتی نگهداری می‌شود و برای کارهای پیش‌بینی‌نشده‌ای که در محدوده پروژه است، ذخیره می‌شود.

Reserve

انواع ذخیره‌ها در مدیریت پروژه (Types of Reserve)

ذخیره‌ها از جمله موضوعاتی هستند که دربسیاری از پروژه‌های ما مغفول واقع شده و به همین دلیل هم جایگزین بد آن پدینگ یعنی “دست بالاگرفتن” در برآوردها بیشتر شنیده شده‌ است. با تعریف درست ذخیره‌ها می‌توان هم شفاف بود و هم صادق. هم برآورد منطقی داشت و هم در عین حال ذخیره‌ای برای روز مبادا. در این پادکست قصد داریم شما را با انواع ذخیره‌ها در مدیریت پروژه حرفه‌ای آشنا کنیم.


Management Skills

The ability to plan, organize, direct, and control individuals or groups of people to achieve specific goals.

مهارت‌های مدیریتی: توانایی برنامه‌ریزی، سازماندهی، هدایت و کنترل افراد یا گروه‌هایی از افراد برای دستیابی به اهداف خاص.

Manage Project Knowledge

The process of using existing knowledge and creating new knowledge to achieve the project’s objectives and contribute to organizational learning.

مدیریت دانش پروژه: فرآیند استفاده از دانش موجود و ایجاد دانش جدید برای دستیابی به اهداف پروژه و کمک به یادگیری سازمانی.

Manage Quality

The process of translating the quality management plan into executable quality activities that incorporate the organization’s quality policies into the project.

اجرای کیفیت، تضمین کیفیت: فرآیند تبدیل برنامه مدیریت کیفیت به فعالیت‌های کیفی قابل اجرا که سیاست‌های کیفی سازمان را با پروژه پیوند می‌دهد.

Manage Stakeholder Engagement

The process of communicating and working with stakeholders to meet their needs and expectations, address issues, and foster appropriate stakeholder involvement.

اجرای برنامه مشارکت ذینفعان، جلب مشارکت ذینفعان: فرآیند ارتباط و تعامل با ذینفعان برای برآوردن نیازها و انتظارات آنها، رسیدگی به مسائل/موضوعات، و تقویت مشارکت مناسب ذینفعان.

Manage Stakeholder Engagement and Communication

The process of fostering appropriate involvement in business analysis processes, keeping stakeholders appropriately informed about ongoing business analysis efforts, and sharing product information with stakeholders as it evolves.

Manage Team

The process of tracking team member performance, providing feedback, resolving issues, and managing team changes to optimize project performance.

مدیریت (عملکرد) تیم، اداره تیم: فرآیند ردیابی عملکرد اعضای تیم، ارائه بازخورد، حل و فصل مسائل/موضوعات، و مدیریت تغییرات تیم برای بهینه‌سازی عملکرد پروژه.

Mandatory Dependency

A relationship that is contractually required or inherent in the nature of the work.

وابستگی اجباری: رابطه‌ای که یا طبق قرارداد الزامی بوده و یا بطور ذاتی در ماهیت کار است.

Dependency

Market Analysis

A technique used to obtain and analyze market characteristics and conditions for the market area an organization is operating in and overlaying this information with an organization's own plans and projections for growth.

Master Schedule

A summary-level project schedule that identifies the major deliverables and work breakdown structure components and key schedule milestones. See also milestone schedule.

زمانبندی کلان: یک برنامه کلان زمان‌بندی پروژه که دستاوردهای/تحویل دادنی‌های اصلی و اجزای ساختار شکست کار و مایلستون‌های کلیدی زمانبندی را شناسایی می‌کند. همچنین به زمانبندی مایلستونی مراجعه کنید.

Master Schedule

Matrix Diagrams

A quality management and control tool used to perform data analysis within the organizational structure created in the matrix. The matrix diagram seeks to show the strength of relationships between factors, causes, and objectives that exist between the rows and columns that form the matrix.

نمودارهای ماتریسی: یک ابزار مدیریت و کنترل کیفیت که برای انجام تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با قالب ماتریسی استفاده می شود. نمودار ماتریسی به دنبال نشان دادن قدرت روابط بین عوامل، علل و اهدافی است که بین سطرها و ستون هایی که ماتریس را تشکیل می دهند وجود دارد.

Matrix Diagrams

Matrix Organization

Any organizational structure in which the project manager shares responsibility with the functional managers for assigning priorities and for directing the work of persons assigned to the project.

سازمان ماتريسی، ساختار ماتریسی: هر ساختار سازمانی که در آن مدیر پروژه مسئولیت تعیین اولویت‌ها و هدایت کار افراد تخصیص یافته به پروژه را با مدیران تخصصی/وظیفه‌ای به اشتراک می‌گذارد.

Matrix Organization

Maturity Model

A standard that describes typical behaviors for a practice or set of practices as a series of levels, where each level represents increased levels of competence, independence, and perhaps even wisdom. A maturity model is used to assess individuals or organizations. Examples include the Capability Maturity Model and the Data Management Maturity Model.

Measure

The quantity of some element at a point in time or during a specific time duration, such as the number of work months spent on a project during a specific time period, the number of defects uncovered, or the number of customers responding to a survey stating that they were extremely satisfied.

Measurement Performance Domain

The performance domain that addresses activities and functions associated with assessing project performance and taking appropriate actions to maintain acceptable performance.

حوزه عملکردی سنجش، حوزه عملکردی اندازه‌گیری: حوزه عملکردی که به فعالیت‌ها و کارکردهای مرتبط با ارزیابی عملکرد پروژه و انجام اقدامات مناسب برای حفظ عملکرد قابل قبول می‌پردازد.

Measures of Performance

Measures that characterize physical or functional attributes relating to system operation.

اندازه گیری عملکرد: شاخص‌هایی که ویژگی‌های فیزیکی یا کارکردی مربوط به عملکرد سیستم را مشخص می‌کند.

Method

A means for achieving an outcome, output, result, or project deliverable.

متد، روش: وسیله‌ای برای دستیابی به یک ثمره، خروجی، نتیجه، یا دستاورد/تحویل دادنی پروژه.

Methodology

A system of practices, techniques, procedures, and rules used by those who work in a discipline.

متدولوژی، روش نامه، نظام نامه، روش شناسی: سیستمی از شیوه‌ها، تکنیک‌ها، رویه‌ها و قواعدی که توسط افرادی که در یک رشته کار می‌کنند، استفاده می‌شود.

Metric

A description of a project or product attribute and how to measure it.

شاخص: شرح یک ویژگی پروژه یا محصول و نحوه اندازه گیری آن.

Milestone

A significant point or event in a project, program, or portfolio.

مايلستون، واقعه مهم، رویداد مهم، نقطه عطف: یک نقطه زمانی یا رویداد مهم در یک پروژه، طرح، یا پورتفولیو. 

Milestone

Milestone Schedule

A type of schedule that presents milestones with planned dates.

زمانبندی مايلستون: نوعی زمانبندی که مایلستون‌ها/وقایع مهم را با تاریخ های برنامه‌ریزی شده ارائه می‌کند.

Milestone Schedule Summary Schedule

Mind-Mapping

A technique used to consolidate ideas created through individual brainstorming sessions into a single map to reflect commonality and differences in understanding and to generate new ideas.

نقشه ذهنی: تکنیکی که برای ادغام ایده‌های خلق شده از طریق جلسات طوفان فکری فردی در یک نقشه واحد استفاده می‌شود تا اشتراکات و تفاوت‌ها در درک را منعکس کرده و ایده‌های جدید تولید کند.

Mind-Mapping

Minimum Marketable Features (MMF)

A prioritization mechanism in which the smallest piece of functionality that still delivers value to the customer is identified.

Minimum Viable Product (MVP)

A concept used to define the scope of the first release of a solution to customers by identifying the fewest number of features or requirements that would deliver value.

محصول حداقلی ماندگار، محصول حداقلی پذیرفتنی، حداقل محصول پذیرفتنی، کمینه محصول پذیرفتنی: مفهومی که برای تعریف محدوده اولین نسخه از یک راه حل/راهکار/محصول برای مشتریان با شناسایی کمترین تعداد ویژگی‌ها یا الزاماتی که خلق ارزش می‌کنند، استفاده می‌شود.

Minimum Viable Product (MVP)

Minimum Viable Product (MVP)

Mission

The statement that explains the overall approach for achieving an organization's vision.

MMF

minimum marketable features

Mobbing

A technique in which multiple team members focus simultaneously and coordinate their contributions on a particular work item

Model

A visual representation of information, both abstract and specific, which operates under a set of guidelines to efficiently arrange and convey a lot of information in an efficient manner.

Modeling

Creating simplified representations of systems, solutions, or deliverables, such as prototypes, diagrams, or storyboards.

مدلسازی: ایجاد نمایش‌های ساده‌شده از سیستم‌ها، راه‌حل‌ها یا دستاوردها/تحویل دادنی‌ها، مانند نمونه‌های اولیه، نمودارها یا استوری‌بردها/روایت‌های تصویری.

Modeling Elaboration

A technique that uses the collection of models together to further identify gaps, inconsistencies, or redundancies in product information.

Modeling Language

A set of models and their syntax. Examples include Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN), Requirements Modeling Language (RML), System Modeling Language (SysML), and Unified Modeling Language (UML).

Modeling Tools

A category of tools used in business analysis to develop visual representations of information for the purpose of communicating and analyzing information in a clear, efficient manner.

Monitor

Collect project performance data, produce performance measures, and report and disseminate performance information.

نظارت: جمع آوری داده‌های عملکردی پروژه، تولید شاخص‌های عملکردی، و گزارش و انتشار اطلاعات عملکردی.

Monitor and Control Project Work

The process of tracking, reviewing, and reporting overall progress to meet the performance objectives defined in the project management plan.

نظارت و كنترل كارهای پروژه: فرآیند ردیابی، بررسی و گزارش پیشرفت کلی برای دستیابی به اهداف عملکردی تعریف شده در برنامه مدیریت پروژه.

Monitor Communications

The process of ensuring that the information needs of the project and its stakeholders are met.

نظارت ارتباطات: فرآیند حصول اطمینان از برآورده شدن نیازهای اطلاعاتی پروژه و ذینفعان آن.

Monitoring

The process of collecting performance data, producing performance measures, and reporting and disseminating performance information.

Monitoring and Controlling Process Group

Those processes required to track, review, and regulate the progress and performance of the project; identify any areas in which changes to the plan are required; and initiate corresponding changes.

گروه فرآیندی نظارت و کنترل: آن دسته از فرآیندهای مورد نیاز برای پیگیری، بررسی و تنظیم پیشرفت و عملکرد پروژه؛ شناسایی هر حوزه‌ای که تغییراتی در برنامه آن مورد نیاز است؛ و آغاز تغییرات مربوطه.

RSRastak-PMBOK6-GPS-M&C PG

Monitor Risks

The process of monitoring the implementation of agreed-upon risk response plans, tracking identified risks, identifying and analyzing new risks, and evaluating risk process effectiveness throughout the project.

نظارت ريسك‌ها: فرآیند نظارت بر اجرای برنامه‌های توافق شده پاسخ ریسک، ردیابی ریسک‌های شناسایی شده، شناسایی و تجزیه و تحلیل ریسک‌های جدید، و ارزیابی اثربخشی فرآیند ریسک در طول پروژه.

Monitor Stakeholder Engagement

The process of monitoring project stakeholder relationships, and tailoring strategies for engaging stakeholders through the modification of engagement strategies and plans.

نظارت مشارکت ذینفعان: فرآیند نظارت بر روابط با ذینفعان پروژه و تنظیم استراتژی‌های تعامل با ذینفعان از طریق اصلاح استراتژی‌ها و برنامه‌های تعامل.

Monte Carlo Simulation

A method of identifying the potential impacts of risk and uncertainty using multiple iterations of a computer model to develop a probability distribution of a range of outcomes that could result from a decision or course of action.

شبیه سازی مونت‌كارلو: روشی برای شناسایی اثرات بالقوه ریسک و عدم قطعیت با استفاده از تکرارهای چندگانه یک مدل کامپیوتری برای ایجاد توزیع احتمال از طیف وسیعی از نتایج که می‌تواند از یک تصمیم یا اقدام ناشی شود.

Monte Carlo Simulation

Mood Chart

A visualization chart for tracking moods or reactions to identify areas for improvement.

نمودار خلقیات، نمودار حال و هوای افراد: نمودار تجسم برای ردیابی حالات یا واکنش ها برای شناسایی مناطقی که باید بهبود یابد.

Mood Chart

MoSCoW

A technique used for establishing requirement priorities where participants divide the requirements into four categories of must haves, should haves, could haves, and won't haves.

Most Likely Duration

An estimate of the most probable activity duration that takes into account all of the known variables that could affect performance. See also optimistic duration and pessimistic duration.

MR

management reserve

Multicriteria Decision Analysis

This technique utilizes a decision matrix to provide a systematic analytical approach for establishing criteria, such as risk levels, uncertainty, and valuation, to evaluate and rank many ideas.

تصمیم گیری چند معیاره: این تکنیک از یک ماتریس تصمیم برای ارائه یک رویکرد تحلیلی سیستماتیک برای ایجاد معیارهایی مانند سطوح ریسک، عدم قطعیت و ارزش گذاری برای ارزیابی و رتبه بندی بسیاری از ایده ها استفاده می کند.

Multicriteria Decision Analysis

Multipoint Estimating

A method used to estimate cost or duration by applying an average or weighted average of optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely estimates when there is uncertainty with the individual activity estimates.

برآورد چندنقطه‌ای: روشی که برای تخمین هزینه یا مدت زمان با استفاده از میانگین یا میانگین موزون برآوردهای خوش بینانه، بدبینانه و محتمل در موقع وجود عدم قطعیت در برآوردهای یک فعالیت، استفاده می‌شود.

Three-Point Estimating Multipoint Estimating

Three Point Estimating Multipoint Estimating

Multitasking

Being capable of performing more than one task at a time.

Multivoting Process

A technique used to facilitate decision making among a group of stakeholders. Multivoting processes can be used to prioritize requirements, determine the most favorable solution, or to identify the most favorable response to a problem.

MVP

minimum viable product

N

Narrative

A story. In business analysis, narratives are written when developing personas.

Near-Critical Path

A sequence of activities with low float which, if exhausted, becomes a critical path sequence for the project. See also critical path, free float, and total float.

Needs assessment

The process of identifying and evaluating the specific requirements and pain points of PMO customers

Needs Assessment Knowledge Area

Includes the processes for analyzing current business problems or opportunities to understand what is necessary to attain the desired future state.

Negotiation

The process and activities used to resolve disputes through consultations between involved parties. Those who possess skills in negotiation are able to navigate conflict and disagreements, effectively bringing opposing viewpoints to a common ground.

Net Present Value (NPV)

The future value of expected benefits expressed in the value those benefits have at the time of investment. NPV takes into account current and future costs and benefits, inflation, and the yield that could be obtained through investing in financial instruments as opposed to a portfolio component, program, or project.

Net Promoter Score

An index that measures the willingness of customers to recommend an organization's products or services to others.

شاخص خالص مروجان، شاخص خالص ترویج کنندگان: شاخصی که تمایل مشتریان به توصیه محصولات یا خدمات یک سازمان به دیگران را می‌سنجد.

Net Promoter Score

Network

See project schedule network diagram.

شبكه: واژه نمودار شبکه زمانبندی پروژه را ببینید.

Network Analysis

See schedule network analysis.

Networking

Establishing connections and relationships with other people from the same or other organizations.

شبکه‌سازی انسانی: ایجاد ارتباط و روابط با افراد دیگر از همان سازمان یا سازمان های دیگر.

Networking

Network Logic

All activity dependencies in a project schedule network diagram.

منطق شبكه: تمام وابستگی‌های فعالیت (ها) در نمودار شبکه زمانبندی پروژه.

Network Path

A sequence of activities connected by logical relationships in a project schedule network diagram.

مسير شبكه: دنباله‌ای از فعالیت‌های مرتبط با روابط منطقی در نمودار شبکه زمانبندی پروژه.

Network Path

Node

A point at which dependency lines connect on a schedule network diagram.

گره: نقطه‌ای که در آن خطوط وابستگی بر روی نمودار شبکه زمانبندی متصل می‌شوند.

Node

Node

Nominal Group Technique

A technique that enhances brainstorming with a voting process used to rank the most useful ideas for further brainstorming or for prioritization.

تکنیک گروه غالب یا اسمی: تکنیکی که طوفان فکری را با فرآیند رای گیری تقویت می‌کند تا آنها را اولویت‌بندی نموده یا مفیدترین ایده‌ها را برای طوفان فکری بیشتر رتبه بندی نماید.

Nominal Group Technique

Nominal Group Technique

Nonfunctional Requirement

A requirement that expresses an environmental condition or quality required for the product to be effective.

Nonverbal Communication

The ability to use unspoken communication methods to interact with stakeholders.

Nonwork Period

A date, or part of a date, identified as a time for not performing work including designated holidays.

Normal Flow

Within the context of use case analysis, the normal flow is the set of steps that are followed through the use case scenario when everything goes as planned or expected.

NPV

net present value

NTE

not to exceed

Numeracy

The ability of being able to reason with numbers and other mathematical concepts and to apply these in a range of contexts and to solve a variety of problems. It is sometimes called mathematical literacy.

O

Objective

Something toward which work is to be directed, a strategic position to be attained, a purpose to be achieved, a result to be obtained, a product to be produced, or a service to be performed.

هدف، هدف کوتاه مدت: چیزی که قرار است کار به سمت آن هدایت شود، موقعیتی استراتژیک که باید به آن دست یافت، دلیلی/هدفی که باید به آن دست یافت، نتیجه‌ای که باید به دست آید، محصولی که باید تولید شود، یا خدماتی که باید انجام شود.

Objectives

The outcomes developed from the strategic goals of an organization that are specific, measurable, and time bound.

Objectivity

Listening to and encouraging the presentation of multiple perspectives on a given issue, weighing the merits of each perspective dispassionately and without bias, and avoiding taking sides prematurely.

OBS

Organizational Breakdown Structure

Observation

An elicitation technique that provides a direct way of obtaining information about how a process is performed or a product is used by viewing individuals in their own environment performing their jobs or tasks and carrying out processes.

Obtain Solution Acceptance for Release

The process of facilitating a decision on whether to release a partial or full solution into production and eventually to an operational team, as well as transitioning knowledge and existing information about the product, its risks, known issues, and any workarounds that may have arisen in response to those issues.

OD/CM

organizational development/change management

Onion Diagram

A technique that can be used to model relationships between different aspects of a subject. In business analysis, an onion diagram can be created to depict the relationships existing between stakeholders and the solution.

OPA

organizational process asset

OPAs

organizational process assets

Open End

An activity with no predecessor, successor, or both.

Operational Feasibility

The extent to which a proposed solution meets operational needs and requirements related to a specific situation. It also includes factors such as sustainability, maintainability, supportability, and reliability.

Operations

The business function responsible for planning, coordinating, resourcing, and controlling the repeatable, usually cyclical, day-to-day activities of an organization.

Opportunity

A risk that would have a positive effect on one or more project objectives.

فرصت: ریسکی که بر یک یا چند هدف پروژه اثر مثبت خواهد داشت.

Opportunity Analysis

A study of the major facets of a potential opportunity to determine the viability of successfully launching a new solution.

Optimistic Duration

An estimate of the shortest activity duration that takes into account all of the known variables that could affect performance. See also most likely duration and pessimistic duration.

Organization

A group of persons organized for some purpose or to perform some type of work within an enterprise.

Organizational baseline elements

Foundational components that influence PMO design and operation, including organizational strategy, structure, culture, and industry-specific profile

Organizational Bias

The preferences of an organization on a set of scales characterized by the following core values: exploration versus execution, speed versus stability, quantity versus quality, and flexibility versus predictability.

Organizational breakdown Structure (OBS)

A hierarchical representation of the project organization that illustrates the relationship between project activities and the organizational units that will perform those activities.

Organizational Breakdown Structure (OBS)

A hierarchical representation of the project organization, which illustrates the relationship between project activities and the organizational units that will perform those activities.

ساختار شكست سازمانی: یک نمایش سلسله مراتبی از سازمان پروژه، که رابطه بین فعالیت های پروژه و واحدهای سازمانی که آن فعالیت ها را انجام خواهند داد را نشان می دهد.

OBS Organizational Breakdown Structure

Organizational Capabilities

The ability of an organization through its people, processes, and systems to execute an entire portfolio of initiatives for delivering goods and services.

Organizational Change Management

A comprehensive, cyclic, and structured approach for transitioning individuals, groups, and organizations from the current state to a future state with intended business benefits

Organizational Chart

A model that depicts the reporting structure within an organization or within a part of an organization.

Organizational contextual scenarios

Distinct states or situations that an organization may experience, influencing how a PMO operates and delivers value

Organizational Development/Change Management (OD/CM)

Complementary approaches for improving the performance of an organization by catalyzing improvements in the actions of and interactions between individuals or teams.

Organizational Goal

A broad-based translation of a corporate goal into an expression that is actionable and measurable. Goals are typically longer in scope than objectives.

Organizational Governance

The process by which an organization directs and controls its operational and strategic activities, and by which the organization responds to the legitimate rights, expectations, and desires of its stakeholders.

Organizational Learning

A discipline concerned with the way individuals, groups, and organizations develop knowledge.

یادگیری سازمانی: یک حوزه/حرفه/ رشته کاری که به نحوه توسعه دانش افراد، گروه‌ها و سازمان‌ها مربوط می‌شود.

Organizational Objective

An accomplishment that an organization wants to achieve to help enable a goal. An organizational goal is specific and tends to be of shorter duration than a goal, often 1 year or less.

Organizational Process Assets

Plans, processes, policies, procedures, and knowledge bases specific to and used by the performing organization.

Organizational Process Assets (OPA)

Plans, processes, policies, procedures, and knowledge bases that are specific to and used by the performing organization.

دارایی‌های فرآيندی سازمان، سرمایه‌های فرآیندی سازمان: برنامه‌ها، فرآیندها، خط‌مشی‌ها، رویه‌ها و پایگاه‌های دانشی که مختص سازمان مجری بوده و توسط آن نیز استفاده می‌شود.

Organizational Process Assets (OPAs)

Plans, processes, policies, procedures, and knowledge bases that are specific to and used by the performing organization.

Organizational Project Management

A framework in which portfolio, program, and project management are integrated with organizational enablers in order to achieve strategic objectives.

Organizational Standard

See business analysis organizational standard.

Organizational Strategy and Objectives

An organizational document that contains the mission vision statements as well as goals, objectives, and strategies intended to achieve the vision.

Organizational System

A system composed of organizational components that are identifiable elements within an organization and provide a particular function or group of related functions. See also system.

Original Duration

The activity duration originally assigned to a schedule activity and not updated as progress is reported on the activity. Typically used for comparison with actual duration and remaining duration when reporting schedule progress.

Osmotic Communication

Means of receiving information without direct communication by overhearing and through nonverbal cues.

ارتباطات اسمزی: ابزاری برای دریافت اطلاعات بدون ارتباط مستقیم توسط شنیدن از فاصله دور و از طریق نشانه‌های غیرکلامی.

OTB

over-target baseline

OTS

over-target schedule

Outcome

An end result or consequence of a process or project.

ثمره، نتیجه نهایی، نتیجه غائی: نتیجه یا پیامد نهایی یک فرآیند یا پروژه.

Output-Outcome-Benefit Benefit Map

Output

A product, result, or service generated by a process. May be an input to a successor process.

خروجی: محصول، نتیجه یا خدمتی که توسط یک فرآیند تولید می‌شود. ممکن است یک ورودی برای فرآیند پس‌نیاز باشد.

ITTO Inputs Tools and Techniques Outputs

Overall Project Risk

The effect of uncertainty on the project as a whole, arising from all sources of uncertainty including individual risks, representing the exposure of stakeholders to the implications of variations in project outcome, both positive and negative.

ریسک کلی پروژه، ریسک کلان پروژه: اثر عدم قطعیت بصورت کلی بر پروژه، ناشی از همه منابع عدم قطعیت از جمله تک تک ریسک‌ها، که نشان دهنده میزان قرار گرفتن ذینفعان در معرض پیامدهای مثبت و منفی نوسانات در نتیجه نهایی پروژه است.

Overall Project Risk

برای مطالعه بیشتر در این باره، این مقاله را پیشنهاد میکنیم.

Overall Risk

The effect of uncertainty on the portfolio, program, or project as a whole.

P

Paint-Drip

See Broken Comb

Pairing

See Pair Work

Pair Programming

Pair work that is focused on programming

Pair Work

A technique of pairing two team members to work simultaneously on the same work item

Parametric Estimating

An estimating method in which an algorithm is used to calculate cost or duration based on historical data and project parameters.

برآورد فرمولی، برآورد پارامتريك، برآورد آماری: یک روش تخمین/برآورد که در آن از یک الگوریتم برای محاسبه هزینه یا مدت زمان بر اساس داده‌های تاریخی/گذشته و پارامترهای پروژه استفاده می‌شود.

Parametric-Estimating

Pareto Chart

A histogram, ordered by frequency of occurrence, that shows how many results were generated by each identified cause. The goal is to narrow down the primary causes of variance on a project and focus the energy and efforts on tackling the most significant sources of variance. 

نمودار پارتو: هیستوگرامی است که بر اساس فراوانی وقوع مرتب شده و نشان می دهد چه تعداد نتیجه توسط هر علت شناسایی شده ایجاد شده است. هدف، محدود کردن علل اولیه انحرافات در یک پروژه و تمرکز انرژی و تلاش بر روی مقابله با مهمترین علل انحرافات است.


Pareto Diagram

A histogram, ordered by frequency of occurrence, that shows how many results were generated by each identified cause.

Participant

One who participates in a group activity, such as focus groups or facilitated workshops.

Path Convergence

A relationship in which a schedule activity has more than one predecessor.

همگرایی مسير: رابطه‌ای که در آن یک فعالیت زمانبندی بیش از یک پیش‌نیاز دارد.

Path Convergent and Divergent

Path Divergence

A relationship in which a schedule activity has more than one successor.

واگرایی مسير: رابطه‌ای که در آن یک فعالیت زمانبندی بیش از یک پس‌نیاز دارد.

Path Convergent and Divergent

Payback Period (PBP)

The time needed to recover an investment, usually in months or years.

PBP

payback period

PC

percent complete

PCT

percent complete

PDCA

Plan-Do-Check-Act

PDM

Precedence Diagramming Method

Peer Desk Check

An informal peer review completed by one or multiple peers simultaneously to look over the materials. See also peer review.

Peer Review

Involves a review process where a coworker examines work completed by a business analyst. Commonly, the peer performing the review is another business analyst, manager, or quality control team member. See also peer desk check, inspections, and walkthrough.

Percent Complete

An estimate expressed as a percent of the amount of work that has been completed on an activity or a work breakdown structure component.

درصد تكميل: برآوردی که به صورت درصدی از مقدار کاری که بر روی یک فعالیت یا یک جزء ساختار شکست کار (WBS) انجام شده است، بیان می‌شود.

Percent Complete

 

پادکست بلایی به نام درصد تکمیل (A Curse named %Complete)

در این پادکست، دکتر علی واحدی دیز به تشریح مشکلات روش "درصد تکمیل" در اندازه‌گیری ارزش کسب شده می‌پردازد. این روش علیرغم اینکه یکی از پراستفاده‌ترین روش‌ها برای اندازه‌گیری ارزش کسب شده است، ولی بدترین روش از نظر دقت و صحت می‌باشد. برای حل این مشکل باید به سراغ روش‌های دیگر مانند روش مایلستون‌های وزن‌دار و روش شمارش واحدها و غیره رفت. ممنون از اینکه همراه ما هستید و ما را از سوالات و نظرات خود آگاه می‌کنید.




Percent Complete (PC or PCT)

An estimate expressed as a percent of the amount of work that has been completed on an activity or a work breakdown structure component.

Performance Data

A quantified output of a product.

Performance Domain

A complementary grouping of related areas of activity or function that uniquely characterize and differentiate the activities within it from the others within the full scope of some overall area of study. Portfolio Stakeholder Engagement is an example of one of several Portfolio Management Performance Domains within the full scope of portfolio management work.

Performance Measurement Baseline

Integrated scope, schedule, and cost baselines used for comparison to manage, measure, and control project execution.

Performance Measurement baseline (PMB)

An approved, integrated scope-schedule-cost plan for the project work against which project execution is compared to measure and manage performance. The PMB includes contingency reserve (CR), but excludes management reserve (MR).

Performance Measurement Baseline (PMB)

Integrated scope, schedule, and cost baselines used for comparison to manage, measure, and control project execution.

مبناي اندازه گیری عملكرد: مبناهای یکپارچه محدوده، زمانبندی و هزینه مورد استفاده برای مقایسه به منظور مدیریت، اندازه‌گیری و کنترل اجرای پروژه.

Performance Measurement Baseline (PMB)

Performance Reviews

A technique that is used to measure, compare and analyze actual performance of work in progress on the project against the baseline.

مرور عملکرد، بررسی عملکرد: تکنیکی که برای اندازه‌گیری، مقایسه و تجزیه و تحلیل عملکرد واقعی کار در حال انجام پروژه در برابر برنامه مبنا استفاده می‌شود.

Performance Reviews

Performing Organization

An enterprise whose personnel are the most directly involved in doing the work of the project or program.

Perform Integrated Change Control

The process of reviewing all change requests; approving changes and managing changes to deliverables, organizational process assets, project documents, and the project management plan; and communicating the decisions.

كنترل يكپارچه تغییر: فرآیند بررسی همه درخواست‌های تغییر؛ تصویب تغییرات و مدیریت تغییرات دستاوردها/تحویل دادنی‌ها، دارایی های فرآیندی سازمان، اسناد پروژه و برنامه مدیریت پروژه؛ و مبادله/ابلاغ تصمیمات.

Perform Integrated Change Control

Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis

The process of prioritizing individual project risks for further analysis or action by assessing their probability of occurrence and impact as well as other characteristics.

تحليل كيفی ریسک‌ها: فرآیند اولویت‌بندی ریسک‌های پروژه برای تحلیل یا اقدام بیشتر با ارزیابی احتمال وقوع و تأثیر آن‌ها و همچنین سایر ویژگی‌ها.

Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis

Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis

The process of numerically analyzing the combined effect of identified individual project risks and other sources of uncertainty on overall project objectives.

تحلیل کمی ریسک‌ها: فرآیند تحلیل عددی اثر ترکیبی ریسک‌های شناسایی شده پروژه و سایر منابع عدم قطعیت بر اهداف کلی پروژه.

Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis

Persona

An archetype user representing a set of similar end users described with their goals, motivations, and representative personal characteristics.

Persona Analysis

A technique that can be used to analyze a class of users or process workers to understand their needs or solution design and behavior requirements.

Personal Development

The efforts and actions taken to improve skills and knowledge.

Personal Skills

In business analysis, the set of skills and attributes that identify the personal qualities of an individual and enable them to build credibility with others.

Personas

An archetype user representing a set of similar end users described with their goals, motivations, and representative personal characteristics.

Pessimistic Duration

An estimate of the longest activity duration that takes into account all of the known variables that could affect performance. See also most likely duration and optimistic duration.

Phase

See project phase.

فاز: به واژه فاز پروژه مراجعه شود. 

Phase Gate

A review at the end of a phase in which a decision is made to continue to the next phase, to continue with modification, or to end a project or program.

دروازه فاز، گیت فاز: مرور، بررسی یا بازنگری در پایان هر فاز که در آن برای ادامه به فاز بعدی، ادامه با شرط اصلاحات، یا پایان دادن به پروژه یا طرح تصمیم گرفته می‌شود.

Phase Gate

Physical System

Entities such as systems or software that exist as part of a solution. They can be installed, implemented, touched, or seen.

Physical Work Progress

The amount of work physically completed on the project or task.

Pivot

A planned course correction designed to test a new hypothesis about the product or strategy.

Plan

A proposed means of accomplishing something.

برنامه: وسائل یا اقدامات پیشنهادی برای انجام کاری.

Plan Communications Management

The process of developing an appropriate approach and plan for project communication activities based on the information needs of each stakeholder or group, available organizational assets, and the needs of the project.

برنامه‌ريزی مدیریت ارتباطات، برنامه‌ریزی ارتباطات: فرآیند تدوین رویکرد و برنامه مناسب برای فعالیت‌های ارتباطی پروژه بر اساس نیازهای اطلاعاتی هر ذینفع یا گروه، دارایی های سازمانی موجود و نیازهای پروژه.

Plan Cost Management

The process of defining how the project costs will be estimated, budgeted, managed, monitored, and controlled.

برنامه‌ريزی (برای) مدیریت هزینه: فرآیند تعیین چگونگی برآورد، بودجه‌بندی، مدیریت، نظارت و کنترل هزینه‌های پروژه.

Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA)

An iterative management method used in organizations to facilitate the control and continual improvement of processes and products.

Plan-Driven Approach

See Predictive Approach

Planned Duration

See activity original duration and project original duration.

Planned Finish Date (PF)

See scheduled finish date.

Planned Start Date (PS)

See scheduled start date.

Planned Value (PV)

The authorized budget assigned to scheduled work.

ارزش (کار) برنامه‌ريزی‌ شده: بودجه مصوب اختصاص یافته به کارهای برنامه‌ریزی شده.

EVA - Planned Value

پادکست عناصر کلیدی سیستم مدیریت ارزش کسب شده (Key Elements of EVMS)

در این پادکست، دکتر علی واحدی دیز به تشریح کامل سه عنصر کلیدی سیستم ارزش کسب شده می‌پردازد. این عناصر عبارتند از PV، EV و AC. این عناصر در ظاهر ساده بوده ولی دارای نکات ظریفی برای اجرا می‌باشند. ممنون از اینکه همراه ما هستید و ما را از سوالات و نظرات خود آگاه می‌کنید.





Planning Approach

Decisions regarding how business analysis is to be conducted.

Planning Package

A work breakdown structure component below the control account with known work content but without detailed schedule activities. See also control account.

بسته برنامه‌ريزی: جزئی از ساختار شکست کار که زیر مرکز کنترل بوده و محتوای کاری آن شناخته شده بدون جزئیات دقیق فعالیت‌های زمانبندی آن. به مرکز کنترل مراجعه کنید.


WBS Control Account, Planning Package, Work Package

Planning Performance Domain

The performance domain that addresses activities and functions associated with the initial, ongoing, and evolving organization and coordination necessary for delivering project deliverables and results.

حوزه عملکردی برنامه‌ریزی: حوزه عملکردی که به فعالیت‌ها و کارکردهای مرتبط با سازمان اولیه، جاری و در حال تکامل و هماهنگی لازم برای ارائه دستاوردها/تحویل دادنی‌ها و نتایج پروژه می‌پردازد.

Planning Process Group

The business analysis processes performed to determine an optimal approach for performing business analysis activities, including how they are adapted for the chosen project life cycle, and to analyze the internal and external stakeholders who will interact and influence the overall definition of the solution. In project management, it consists of the processes required to establish the scope of the project, refine the objectives, and define the course of action required to attain the objectives that the project was undertaken to achieve.

Planning Process Group

Those processes required to establish the scope of the project, refine the objectives, and define the course of action required to attain the objectives that the project was undertaken to achieve.

گروه فرآیندی برنامه ریزی: فرآیندهای مورد نیاز برای تعیین محدوده پروژه، پالایش اهداف، و تعریف مجموعه اقدامات مورد نیاز برای دستیابی به اهدافی که پروژه برای دستیابی به آنها انجام می‌شود.

Initiating & Planning Process Group - Rastak GPS

Plan Procurement Management

The process of documenting project procurement decisions, specifying the approach, and identifying potential sellers.

برنامه‌ريزی (برای) مدیریت تداركات: فرآیند مستندسازی تصمیمات تدارکات پروژه، مشخص کردن رویکرد، و شناسایی فروشندگان بالقوه.

Plan Quality Management

The process of identifying quality requirements and/or standards for the project and its deliverables, and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance with quality requirements and/or standards.

برنامه‌ريزی مدیریت كيفيت: فرآیند شناسایی الزامات و/یا استانداردهای کیفیت برای پروژه و دستاوردها/تحویل‌دادنی‌های آن و مستندسازی چگونگی انطباق پروژه با الزامات و/یا استانداردهای کیفیت.

Plan Resource Management

The process of defining how to estimate, acquire, manage, and utilize physical and team resources.

برنامه‌ريزی مدیریت منابع: فرآیند تعیین چگونگی برآورد، کسب، مدیریت و استفاده از منابع فیزیکی/غیرانسانی و تیمی/انسانی.

Plan Risk Management

The process of defining how to conduct risk management activities for a project.

برنامه‌ريزی مديريت ريسك: فرآیند تعیین چگونگی انجام فعالیت‌های مدیریت ریسک برای یک پروژه.

Plan Risk Responses

The process of developing options, selecting strategies, and agreeing on actions to address overall project risk exposure, as well as to treat individual project risks.

برنامه‌ريزی پاسخ‌های ريسك: فرآیند توسعه گزینه‌ها، انتخاب استراتژی‌ها، و توافق بر روی اقداماتی برای رسیدگی به ریسک کلی پروژه و همچنین رسیدگی به هر یک از ریسک‌های مجزای پروژه.


Plan Schedule Management

The process of establishing the policies, procedures, and documentation for planning, developing, managing, executing, and controlling the project schedule.

برنامه‌ريزی مدیریت زمانبندی: فرآیند ایجاد خط مشی ها، رویه ها و مستندات برای برنامه‌ریزی، توسعه، مدیریت، اجرا و کنترل برنامه زمانبندی پروژه.

Plan Scope Management

The process of creating a scope management plan that documents how the project and product scope will be defined, validated, and controlled.

برنامه‌ريزی مدیریت محدوده: فرآیند ایجاد یک برنامه مدیریت محدوده که نحوه تعریف، صحه‌گذاری/تایید و کنترل محدوده پروژه و محصول را مستند می‌کند.

Plan Stakeholder Engagement

The process of developing approaches to involve project stakeholders, based on their needs, expectations, interests, and potential impact on the project.

برنامه‌ريزی مشارکت ذینفعان: فرآیند توسعه رویکردهایی برای مشارکت ذینفعان پروژه، بر اساس نیازها، انتظارات، علایق و تأثیر بالقوه آنها بر پروژه.

Plurality

Decisions made by the largest block in a group, even if a majority is not achieved.

اکثریت نسبی: تصمیماتی که بزرگترین بلوک/توده در یک گروه گرفته می‌شود، حتی اگر رأی اکثریت به دست نیاید.

Plurality vs Majority

PM

project manager

PMB

performance measurement baseline

PMBOK

Project Management Body of Knowledge

PMIS

project management information system

PMO

project management office

PMO as a service provider

A perspective that views the PMO as an internal service provider, focusing on meeting customer needs and delivering value rather than just enforcing processes

PMO capability building

The ongoing process of enhancing the skills, knowledge, and abilities of the PMO team to improve service delivery and value creation

PMO competency domains

Areas of expertise required for effective PMO operation, including design, operation, and improvement

PMO customer

Stakeholders within an organization that directly receive, use, or benefit from the services provided by the PMO

PMO customer experience cycle

A model representing the stages a PMO goes through in interacting with and delivering value to its customers

PMO customer segmentation

The practice of dividing PMO customers into groups based on their needs, maturity levels, or other relevant characteristics

PMO governance

The framework that defines decision-making processes, roles, responsibilities, and accountability measures within the PMO

PMO mandate

A formal declaration that defines the PMO’s purpose, scope, authority, and responsibility within the organizational context

PMO outcomes

The specific benefits or results that PMO customers expect to achieve through the use of PMO services

PMO risk management plan

A strategy for identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks specific to PMO operations and value delivery

PMO service approaches

Different methods of delivering PMO services, ranging from consultative to directive, and tailored to customer needs and organizational context

PMO service catalog

A comprehensive list of services offered by the PMO, including their descriptions, benefits, and delivery approaches

PMO service maturity

The level of sophistication and effectiveness of individual PMO services, assessed on a scale to guide improvement efforts

PMO service performance metrics

Specific, measurable indicators used to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of PMO services

PMO strategy

A comprehensive plan outlining how the PMO will deliver value to its stakeholders over the short, medium, and long term

PMO structural components

Essential elements that form the foundation of a PMO, including PMO mandate, PMO strategy, and PMO governance

PMO value journey

A mapped progression of how the PMO’s value proposition to its customers will evolve over time

PMO Value Ring™ framework

A comprehensive model for creating and operating value-driven, customer-centric PMOs

Policy

A structured pattern of actions adopted by an organization such that the organization’s policy can be explained as a set of basic principles that govern the organization’s conduct.

سیاست، خط مشی: یک الگوی ساختارمند از اقدامات اتخاذ شده توسط یک سازمان به گونه ای که خط مشی سازمان را می توان به عنوان مجموعه ای از اصول اساسی که بر رفتار سازمان حاکم است توضیح داد.

Political Awareness

Being conscious of the human dynamics within a work environment as they relate to organizational levels, hierarchy, and the way power is distributed throughout.

Portfolio

Projects, programs, subsidiary portfolios, and operations managed as a group to achieve strategic objectives.

پورتفوليو، پورتفو، سبد پروژه: پروژه‌ها، طرح‌ها، پورتفولیوهای فرعی و کارهای عملیاتی که به صورت گروهی برای دستیابی به اهداف استراتژیک مدیریت می‌شوند.

Portfolio

Portfolio Audit

A process for reviewing compliance with the governance principles and practices as carried out by the portfolio, program, and project management teams.

Portfolio Authorization

The formal process to authorize portfolio components, allocate funding, and assign resources.

Portfolio balancing

The process of optimizing the mix of portfolio components to further the strategic objectives of an organization.

Portfolio Capacity and Capability Management domain

A comprehensive framework based on a set of guiding principles consisting of a set of tools and practices to identify, allocate, and optimize resources for maximizing resource utilization and minimizing resource conflicts in portfolio execution.

Portfolio Charter

A document issued by a sponsor that authorizes and specifies the portfolio structure and links the portfolio to the organization's strategic objectives.

Portfolio Communication Management

The processes required to develop the portfolio communication management plan and manage the dissemination of portfolio information.

Portfolio Communication Management Plan

A subsidiary plan or component of the portfolio management plan that defines all communication needs, establishes communication requirements, specifies frequency, and identifies recipients for information associated with the portfolio management process.

Portfolio Component

A discrete element of a portfolio that is a program, project, or other work.

Portfolio Component Reports

Status reports from the portfolio's program and project managers.

Portfolio Governance body

The group, often referred to as the governance board, authorized by an organization to establish the portfolio framework, functions, and processes to guide portfolio management activities and make decisions about investments and priorities for the portfolio. It provides leadership, oversight, and decision-making support for portfolio management.

Portfolio Governance domain

A set of practices, functions, and processes within a framework based on a set of principles that are fundamental norms, rules, or values that guide portfolio management activities in order to optimize investments and meet organizational strategic and operational goals.

Portfolio Life Cycle

The ongoing processes and functions that occur to a set of portfolios, programs, projects, and operations within a continuous time frame.

Portfolio Management

The centralized management of one or more portfolios to achieve strategic objectives.

مديريت پورتفوليو، مدیریت پورتفو، مدیریت سبد پروژه‌ها: مدیریت متمرکز یک یا چند پورتفولیو برای دستیابی به اهداف استراتژیک.

Portfolio Management

Portfolio Management Information System

Tools and techniques used to gather, integrate, visualize, preserve, and disseminate the outputs of organizational portfolio management.

Portfolio Management Office

An entity responsible for the centralized management and coordination of the portfolio(s) within its domain.

Portfolio Management Plan

A formal, approved document that defines how the portfolio will be executed, monitored, and controlled to meet organizational strategy and objectives.

Portfolio Manager

The person or group assigned by the performing organization to establish, balance, monitor, and control portfolio components in order to achieve strategic business objectives.

Portfolio Optimization

The ongoing practice by which benefits, risks, and resources are balanced and optimized.

Portfolio Performance Management Plan

A subsidiary plan or component of the portfolio management plan that describes performance measures, reporting (on scope, cost, schedule, and resources), resource optimization, and benefits realization.

Portfolio Periodic Reporting and Review

The process of reporting on the portfolio components as a whole using key indicators and reviewing the performance of the component mix by comparing actual with anticipated evolution, value, risk level, spending, and strategic alignment.

Portfolio Process Assets

Portfolio plans, processes, policies, procedures, and knowledge bases used by the portfolio manager and stakeholders.

Portfolio Reports

Reports that provide information on performance, risks, resources, and governance decisions.

Portfolio Risk

An uncertain event, set of events, or conditions that, if they occur, have one or more effects, either positive or negative, on at least one strategic business objective of the portfolio.

Portfolio Risk Management

Portfolio activities related to actively identifying, monitoring, analyzing, accepting, mitigating, avoiding, or retiring portfolio risk.

Portfolio Risk Management domain

The activities related to identifying and balancing risk factors to efficiently and effectively enable portfolio value delivery.

Portfolio Risk Management Framework

The defined process by which the portfolio manager plans, identifies, analyzes, and responds to risks. It is often defined as part of the portfolio governance framework.

Portfolio Risk Management Plan

A subsidiary plan or component of the portfolio management plan that describes how risk management activities will be structured and performed.

Portfolio Roadmap

A visual, high-level artifact that details how the portfolio and its relevant components are tied to the strategic goals of an organization. It provides the portfolio information in a chronological fashion and ensures dependencies within the portfolio are established and evaluated.

Portfolio Sponsor

The role that champions the application of organizational resources and supports portfolio management to help meet the portfolio's goals and objectives and realize its intended value contribution.

Portfolio Stakeholder Engagement domain

The activities related to the direct and indirect communication between the stakeholders and portfolio management to gain and maintain stakeholder buy-in for the portfolio's goals, objectives, and strategies.

Portfolio Strategic Management domain

The management of intended and emergent initiatives identified by an organization's executive management.

Portfolio Strategic Objectives

The desired portfolio outcomes derived from an organization's strategic plan. The strategic objectives guide the development of the overall portfolio strategic management plan.

Portfolio Strategic Plan

A formal, approved document that describes the portfolio vision, objectives, and goals to achieve organizational strategy and objectives.

Portfolio Value Management domain

The activities related to ensuring the realization of the intended value of the portfolio through its components.

Practice

A specific type of professional or management activity that contributes to the execution of a process and that may employ one or more techniques and tools.

شیوه، روش، تجربه، پیشه: نوع خاصی از فعالیت حرفه‌ای یا مدیریتی که به اجرای یک فرآیند کمک می‌کند و ممکن است از یک یا چند تکنیک و ابزار استفاده کند.

Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM)

A technique used for constructing a schedule model in which activities are represented by nodes and are graphically linked by one or more logical relationships to show the sequence in which the activities are to be performed.

روش ترسیم پيش‌نيازی، روش نمودار تقدم، روش ترسیم گره‌ای: تکنیکی که برای ساختن یک مدل زمانبندی استفاده می‌شود که در آن فعالیت‌ها توسط گره‌ها نمایش داده می‌شوند و به صورت گرافیکی توسط یک یا چند رابطه منطقی به هم مرتبط می‌شوند تا دنباله‌ای/توالی‌ای که در آن فعالیت‌ها باید انجام شوند را نشان می‌دهد.

PDM AON

Precedence Relationship

A logical dependency used in the precedence diagramming method.

رابطه پيش‌نيازی: یک وابستگی منطقی که در روش نمودار تقدم/پیش نیازی استفاده می‌شود.

Precedence Relationship - PDM

Precision

Within the quality management system, precision is an assessment of exactness.

دقت: در سیستم مدیریت کیفیت، دقت به معنی ارزیابی دقیق بودن است.

Precision vs Accuracy

Predecessor Activity

An activity that logically comes before a dependent activity in a schedule.

فعاليت پيش‌نياز، فعالیت پیشین: فعالیتی که به طور منطقی قبل از یک فعالیت وابسته در یک زمانبندی قرار می‌گیرد.

Predecessor Activity

Predictive Approach

A development approach in which the project scope, time, and cost are determined in the early phases of the life cycle.

رویکرد قابل پیش‌بینی، رویکرد پیشگویانه: یک رویکرد توسعه (محصول در پروژه) که در آن محدوده، زمان و هزینه پروژه در مراحل/فازهای اولیه چرخه عمر تعیین می‌شود.

Development Approach

Predictive Life Cycle

A more traditional approach, with the bulk of planning occurring up-front, then executing in a single pass; a sequential process

Prepare for Elicitation

The process of organizing and scheduling resources and preparing necessary materials for an individual elicitation activity.

Prepare for Transition to Future State

The process of determining whether the organization is ready for a transition and how the organization will move from the current to the future state to integrate the solution or partial solution into the organization's operations.

Preproduction Testing

Testing a solution in a separate environment that is identical or nearly identical to the production environment, so that adverse interactions with other products in the production environment can be observed and addressed before the solution is released to production.

Presentation

An output of a schedule model instance that presents the time-based information required by the communication plan, including activities with planned dates, durations, milestone dates, and resource allocation.

Preventive Action

An intentional activity that ensures the future performance of the project work is aligned with the project management plan.

اقدام پيشگيرانه: یک فعالیت عمدی که از همسویی عملکرد آینده اجرای پروژه با برنامه مدیریت پروژه اطمینان حاصل می‌کند.

Preventive Action vs Corrective Action

Prioritization Matrix

A scatter diagram that plots effort against value so as to classify items by priority.

ماتریس اولویت‌بندی: یک نمودار پراکندگی/همبستگی که میزان تلاش مورد نیاز را در برابر میزان ارزش ترسیم می‌کند تا اقلام را اولویت‌بندی کند.

Prioritization Matrix

Prioritization Schema

Methods used to prioritize portfolio, program, or project components, as well as requirements, risks, features, or other product information.

روش‌های اولویت‌بندی، طرح‌های اولویت‌بندی، الگوهای اولویت‌بندی: روش‌هایی که برای اولویت‌بندی اجزای پورتفولیو، طرح یا پروژه و همچنین الزامات، ریسک‌ها، ویژگی‌ها یا سایر اطلاعات محصول استفاده می‌شوند.

Prioritization Scheme

Different methods used to prioritize portfolio components, programs, projects, requirements, features, or any other product information.

prioritize, and approve all types of product information, ranging from backlogs to user stories and requirements to constraints

In project management, it consists of the processes performed to complete the work defined in the project management plan to satisfy the project requirements.

Prioritized Requirements and Other Product Information

A representation of the requirements and other product information that stakeholders agree are most important to address first to achieve the business goals and objectives. See also product information.

Prioritize Requirements and Other Product Information

The process of understanding how individual pieces of product information achieve stakeholder objectives, and using that information, along with other agreed-upon prioritization factors, to facilitate ranking of the work.

Probabilistic Estimating

A method used to develop a range of estimates along with the associated probabilities within that range.

برآورد احتمالی: روشی که برای توسعه دامنه‌ای از تخمین‌ها به همراه احتمالات مرتبط در آن محدوده استفاده می‌شود.


Probabilistic Estimating

Probability

A measure of how likely an individual risk is to occur.

Probability and Impact Matrix

A grid for mapping the probability of occurrence of each risk and its impact on project objectives if that risk occurs.

ماتريس احتمال و اثر: شبکه‌ای برای ترسیم احتمال وقوع هر ریسک و تأثیر آن بر اهداف پروژه در صورت وقوع آن ریسک.


Probability and Impact Matrix

Problem

An internal or external environmental area of an organization that is causing detriment to the organization, for example, lost revenue, dissatisfied customers, delays in launching new products, or noncompliance with government regulations.

Problem Solving

The ability to analyze an issue or difficult situation by performing sufficient analysis to understand the problem, identify possible options to address the situation, select and implement an effective solution, and monitor the outcomes to ensure the problem was sufficiently addressed.

Procedure

An established method of accomplishing a consistent performance or result, a procedure typically can be described as the sequence of steps that will be used to execute a process.

رویه: یک روش ثابت برای دستیابی به یک عملکرد یا نتیجه ثابت، یک رویه معمولاً می‌تواند به عنوان دنباله‌ای از مراحل توصیف شود که برای اجرای یک فرآیند استفاده می‌شود.

Procedure

Process

A systematic series of activities directed towards causing an end result such that one or more inputs will be acted upon to create one or more outputs.

فرآیند: مجموعه‌ای سیستماتیک از فعالیت‌ها که به سمت ایجاد یک نتیجه نهایی هدایت می‌شوند، به طوری که یک یا چند ورودی برای ایجاد یک یا چند خروجی اعمال می‌شود.

Process Flow

A business analysis model that visually shows the steps taken in a process by a human user as it interacts with a solution. A set of steps taken by a system can be shown in a similar model, called a system flow.

Process Model

See process flow.

Process Worker

The stakeholder who physically works with or within the business process that is under analysis or the user who works specifically with a system that is part of the business process. Not all process workers are users.

Procurement Audits

The review of contracts and contracting processes for completeness, accuracy, and effectiveness.

ممیزی های تدارکات: بررسی قراردادها و فرآیندهای قرارداد برای کامل بودن، درستی و اثربخشی.

Procurement Documentation

All documents used in signing, executing, and closing an agreement. Procurement documentation may include documents predating the project.

مستندات تدارکات: کلیه اسنادی که در امضا، اجرا و خاتمه قرارداد استفاده می‌شود. اسناد تدارکات ممکن است شامل اسناد قبل از پروژه باشد.

Procurement Management Plan

A component of the project or program management plan that describes how a project team will acquire goods and services from outside of the performing organization.

برنامه مديريت تداركات: بخشی از برنامه مدیریت پروژه یا طرح که چگونگی دستیابی یک تیم پروژه به کالاها و خدمات از خارج از سازمان مجری را توصیف می‌کند.

Procurement Statement of Work

Describes the procurement item in sufficient detail to allow prospective sellers to determine if they are capable of providing the products, services, or results.

شرح کار تدارک، شرح کار خرید، شرح قلم خرید: اقلام خرید را با جزئیات کافی توصیف می‌کند تا به فروشندگان آتی اجازه دهد تشخیص دهند که آیا قادر به ارائه محصولات، خدمات یا نتایج هستند یا خیر.

Procurement Statement of Work

Procurement Strategy

The approach by the buyer to determine the project delivery method and the type of legally binding agreement(s) that should be used to deliver the desired results.

استراتژی تدارک، استراتژی خرید، استراتژی برون سپاری: رویکرد خریدار برای تعیین روش تحویل پروژه و نوع توافق نامه (های) الزام آور قانونی که باید برای ارائه نتایج مورد نظر استفاده شود.

Product

An artifact that is produced, is quantifiable, and can be either an end item in itself or a component item.

محصول: دست‌ساخته‌ای که توليد مي‌شود، قابل اندازه‌گيری است و می‌تواند به خودی خود يک کالای پايانی يا يک جزء/بخشی از محصول پایانی باشد.

Product Analysis

For projects that have a product as a deliverable, it is a tool to define scope that generally means asking questions about a product and forming answers to describe the use, characteristics, and other relevant aspects of what is going to be manufactured.

تحلیل محصول: برای پروژه‌هایی که محصولی به عنوان یک دستاورد/تحویل دادنی دارند، ابزاری برای تعریف محدوده است که به طور کلی با پرسیدن سؤالاتی درباره محصول و شکل دهی پاسخ‌ها برای توصیف کاربرد، ویژگی‌ها و سایر جنبه‌های مربوط به آنچه که قرار است ساخته شود، سر و کار دارد.

Product Backlog

An ordered list of user-centric requirements that a team maintains for a product.

Product Backlog Item

A work item or item of value to the customer that has to be prioritized and completed.

Product Box

An elicitation technique that uses game play to focus on the features of a product that are important to the customer. See also collaborative games.

Product Breakdown Structure

A hierarchical structure reflecting a product's components and deliverables.

ساختار شکست محصول: یک ساختار سلسله مراتبی که منعکس کننده اجزا و اقلام قابل تحویل یک محصول است.

Product Breakdown Structure (PBS)

Product Document

Any documentation produced to support business analysis processes.

Product Information

All elements needed to produce a solution successfully. Product information can include one or more of the following: business, stakeholder, solution or transition requirements, models, assumptions, dependencies, constraints, issues, and risks.

Product Knowledge

Having an understanding about the different product offerings an organization provides to its customers, the strengths and weaknesses of each compared against competitor offerings, and the opportunities and threats existing for those offerings.

Product Life Cycle

A series of phases that represent the evolution of a product, from concept through delivery, growth, maturity, and to retirement.

چرخه حيات محصول: مجموعه‌ای از فازها که بیانگر تکامل یک محصول، از مفهوم تا تحویل، رشد، بلوغ و تا بازنشستگی است.

Product Life Cycle

Product Life Cycle

Product Management

The integration of people, data, processes, and business systems to create, maintain, and evolve a product or service throughout its life cycle.

مدیریت محصول: یکپارچه‌سازی افراد، داده‌ها، فرآیندها و سیستم‌های کسب و کار/تجاری برای ایجاد، نگهداری و تکامل یک محصول یا خدمت در طول چرخه عمر آن.

Product Management

برای رویت تصویر بهتر و منبع تصویر بالا اینجا کلیک کنید.

Product Manager

An individual responsible for achieving customer and market success for a product.

Product Owner

A person responsible for maximizing the value of the product and accountable for the end product.

مالک محصول: فردی که مسئول به حداکثر رساندن/بیشینه سازی  ارزش محصول بوده و در مورد محصول نهایی پاسخگو است.

Product Owner

Product Portfolio Matrix

A market analysis quadrant diagram that is used to qualitatively analyze products or product lines. One axis reflects market growth (or demand for a product) from low to high, while the other reflects the market share of the organization from low to high. The matrix provides a quick visual way to evaluate which products are meeting or exceeding performance expectations in the marketplace. Also known as a growth share matrix.

Product Quality Assurance

See product quality control.

Product Quality Control

The process of determining whether or not a delivered product meets or exceeds acceptance criteria. Referred to as product quality assurance (QA) in some organizations.

Product Requirement

Something that can be met by a solution and addresses a need of a business, person, or group of people. These type of requirement is part of the business analysis effort. See also requirement, business requirement, stakeholder requirement, solution requirement, functional requirement, nonfunctional requirement, and transition requirement.

Product Risk

An uncertainty that can affect success in definition, development, and expected results of the product or solution.

Product Risk Analysis

The consolidated results from identifying and analyzing product risks.

Product Roadmap

A high-level view of the features and functionality to include in a product, along with the sequence in which they will be built or delivered.

Product Scope

The features and functions that characterize a product, service, or result.

محدوده محصول: ویژگی‌ها و کارکردهایی که یک محصول، خدمت یا نتیجه را مشخص و متمایز می‌کند.

Product Scope Description

The documented narrative description of the product scope.

شرح محدوده محصول: توصیف تشریحی مستند از محدوده محصول.

Product Stakeholder

An individual, group, or organization that may affect, be affected by, or perceive to be affected by the solution.

Product Vision

An explanation of the product, intended customers, and how needs will be met. The product vision is developed to help product teams envision what it is that needs to be built.

Product Visioning

A category of techniques a product team can use to obtain a shared understanding about the product and set the high-level direction for its development.

Professional Writing

The ability to communicate complex ideas clearly and succinctly using written language and demonstrating proficiency in the mechanics of writing and in the selection of the appropriate writing style.

Program

Related projects, subsidiary programs, and program activities that are managed in a coordinated manner to obtain benefits not available from managing them individually.

طرح: پروژه‌های مرتبط، زیرطرح‌ها یا طرح‌های زیرمجموعه و فعالیت‌های طرح که به شیوه‌ای هماهنگ مدیریت می‌شوند تا منافعی را که از مدیریت جداگانه آنها در دسترس نیست، به دست آورند.

Program

Program Activities

Tasks and work conducted to support a program and which contribute throughout the program life cycle.

Program Benefits Management

Processes that clarify the program's planned benefits and intended outcomes and includes processes for monitoring the program's ability to deliver against these benefits and outcomes.

Program Benefits Management Performance Domain

Performance domain that defines, creates, maximizes, and delivers the benefits provided by the program.

Program Change Management

Activities to plan for, monitor, control, and administer changes during the course of the program.

Program Charter

A document issued by a sponsor that authorizes the program management team to use organizational resources to execute the program and links the program to the organization's strategic objectives.

Program Closure Phase

Program activities necessary to transition program benefits to sustaining organization and formally close the program in a controlled manner.

Program Communications Management

Activities necessary for the timely and appropriate generation, collection, distribution, storage, retrieval, and ultimate disposition of program information.

Program Definition Phase

Program activities conducted to authorize the program and develop the program roadmap required to achieve the expected results.

Program Delivery Phase

Program activities performed to produce the intended results of each component in accordance with the program management plan.

Program Financial Framework

A high-level initial plan for coordinating available funding, determining constraints, and determining how funding is allocated.

Program Financial Management

Activities related to identifying the program's financial sources and resources, integrating the budgets of the program components, developing the overall budget for the program, and controlling costs during the program.

Program Governance

The framework, functions, and processes by which a program is monitored, managed, and supported in order to meet organizational strategic and operational goals.

Program Governance Framework

The supporting structure, around which the decision making, supporting, and oversight practices are constructed, operated, and managed.

Program Governance Performance Domain

Performance domain that enables and performs program decision making, establishes practices to support the program, and maintains program oversight.

Program Governance Plan

A document that describes the systems and methods to be used to monitor, manage, and support a given program, and the responsibilities of specific roles for ensuring the timely and effective use of those systems and methods.

Program Information Management

Activities related to how the program's information assets are prepared, collected, organized, and secured.

Program Information Management Plan

A component of the program management plan that describes how the program's information assets will be prepared, collected, and organized.

Program Integration Management

Program activities conducted to identify, define, combine, unify, and coordinate multiple components into the program.

Program Life Cycle Management

Managing all program activities related to program definition, program delivery, and program closure.

Program Life Cycle Management Performance Domain

Performance domain that manages program activities required to facilitate effective program definition, program delivery, and program closure.

Program Management

The application of knowledge, skills, and principles to a program to achieve the program objectives and obtain benefits and control not available by managing program components individually.

مديريت طرح: بکارگیری دانش، مهارت‌ها و اصول در طرح برای دستیابی به اهداف طرح و کسب منافع و کنترلی که با مدیریت  اجزای طرح به صورت جداگانه در دسترس نیست.

Program Management

Program Management Information Systems

Tools used to collect, integrate, and communicate information critical for the effective management of one or more organizational programs.

Program Management Office

A management structure that standardizes the program-related governance processes and facilitates the sharing of resources, methodologies, tools, and techniques.

Program Management Performance Domain

Complementary groupings of related areas of activity or function that uniquely characterize and differentiate the activities found in one performance domain from the others within the full scope of program management work.

Program Management Plan

A document that integrates the program's subsidiary plans and establishes the management controls and overall plan for integrating and managing the program individual components.

Program Manager

The individual authorized by the performing organization to lead the team or teams responsible for achieving program objectives.

Program Master Schedule

An output of a schedule model that logically links components, milestones, and high-level activities necessary to deliver program benefits.

Program Procurement Management

The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques necessary to acquire products and services to meet the needs of the overall program and the constituent projects/components.

Program Quality Assurance

The activities related to the periodic evaluation of overall program quality to provide confidence that the program will comply with relevant quality policies and standards.

Program Quality Control

The monitoring of specific components or program deliverables and results to determine if they meet the quality requirements and lead to benefits realization.

Program Quality Management

The activities of the performing organization that determine program quality policies, objectives, and responsibilities so that the program will be successful.

Program Resource Management

Program activities that ensure all required resources (people, equipment, material, etc.) are made available to the component managers to enable the delivery of benefits for the program.

Program Risk

An uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on the program.

Program Risk Management

Program activities related to actively identifying, monitoring, analyzing, accepting, mitigating, avoiding, or retiring program risk.

Program Risk Management

Program activities related to actively identifying, monitoring, analyzing, accepting, mitigating, avoiding, or retiring program risk.

Program Risk Register

A document in which risks are recorded together with the results of risk analysis and risk response planning.

Program Roadmap

A chronological representation of a program's intended direction that graphically depicts dependencies between major milestones and decision points and reflects the linkage between the business strategy and the program work.

Program Schedule Management

An activity to determine the order and timing of the components needed to produce the program benefits, estimate the amount of time required to accomplish each one, identify significant milestones during the performance of the program, and document the outcomes of each milestone.

Program Scope Management

Activities that define, develop, monitor, control, and verify program scope.

Program Stakeholder Engagement Performance Domain

Performance domain that identifies and analyzes stakeholder needs and manages expectations and communications to foster stakeholder support.

Program Steering Committee

Group of participants representing various program-related interests with the purpose of supporting the program under its authority by providing guidance, endorsements, and approvals through the governance practices. This committee may also be referred to as Program Governance Board.

Program Strategy Alignment

Activities associated with the integration and development of business strategies and organizational goals and objectives, and the degree to which operations and performance meet stated organizational goals and objectives.

Program Strategy Alignment Performance Domain

Performance domain that identifies program outputs and outcomes to provide benefits aligned with the organization's goals and objectives.

Progressive Elaboration

The iterative process of increasing the level of detail in a project management plan as greater amounts of information and more accurate estimates become available.

وضوح تدریجی: فرآیند تکراری افزایش سطح جزئیات در برنامه مدیریت پروژه با در دسترس قرار گرفتن مقادیر بیشتر اطلاعات و برآوردهای صحیح‌تر.

Progressive Elaboration

Progress Override

Schedule calculation that ignores logical relationships and allows activities with progress to continue even if the predecessors� logical relationships have not been satisfied.

Project

A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.

پروژه: تلاش موقتی که برای ایجاد یک محصول، خدمت یا نتیجه منحصر به فرد انجام می‌شود.

Project Actual Duration

The total number of work periods in calendar units between the project actual start date of the project and either the data date of the schedule model instance, if the project is in progress, or the project actual finish date, if the project is complete. See also actual duration.

Project Actual Finish Date

The point in time associated with the activity actual finish date of the last schedule activity in the project. See also actual finish date.

Project Actual Start Date

The point in time associated with the activity actual start date of the first schedule activity in the project. See also actual start date.

Project Begin Date

See project start date.

Project Benefit

An outcome of an action, behavior, or product that provides value to the sponsoring organization as well as to the intended beneficiaries of the project.

Project Brief

A high-level overview of the goals, deliverables, and processes for the project.

خلاصه پروژه، چارچوب کلی پروژه: یک نمای کلی و سطح بالا از اهداف، دستاوردها/اقلام قابل تحویل، و فرآیندهای پروژه.


Project Brief

Project Calendar

A calendar that identifies working days and shifts that are available for scheduled activities.

تقويم پروژه: تقویمی که روزها و شیفت‌های کاری در دسترس برای فعالیت‌های زمانبندی را مشخص می‌کند.

Project Calendar

Project Charter

A document issued by the project initiator or sponsor that formally authorizes the existence of a project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities.

منشور پروژه: سندی که توسط آغازگر یا حامی پروژه صادر می‌شود که به طور رسمی وجود یک پروژه را ابلاغ می‌کند و به مدیر پروژه این اختیار را می‌دهد که از منابع سازمانی برای فعالیت‌های پروژه استفاده کند.

Project Communications Management

Project Communications Management includes the processes required to ensure timely and appropriate planning, collection, creation, distribution, storage, retrieval, management, control, monitoring, and ultimate disposition of project information.

مديريت ارتباطات پروژه: مدیریت ارتباطات پروژه شامل فرآیندهای مورد نیاز برای اطمینان از برنامه‌ریزی به موقع و مناسب، جمع آوری، ایجاد، توزیع، ذخیره‌سازی، بازیابی، مدیریت، کنترل، نظارت و ذخیره نهایی اطلاعات پروژه است.

Project Communications Management

Project Completion Date

See project end date.

Project Cost Management

Project Cost Management includes the processes involved in planning, estimating, budgeting, financing, funding, managing, and controlling costs so the project can be completed within the approved budget.

مديريت هزينه پروژه: مدیریت هزینه پروژه شامل فرآیندهای درگیر در برنامه‌ریزی، برآورد، بودجه‌بندی، تامین مالی خارجی، تامین مالی داخلی، مدیریت و کنترل هزینه‌ها است تا پروژه بتواند در چارچوب بودجه مصوب تکمیل شود.

Project Cost Management

Project Critical Path

The longest schedule network path from the project start date or the current project data date to the project finish date. See also critical path.

Project Current Finish Date

See current finish date, project baseline finish date, and project scheduled finish date.

Project Current Start Date

See current start date, project baseline start date, and project scheduled start date.

Project Description

Documented narrative summary of the project scope statement.

Project Duration

The total number of work periods, in calendar units, between the project early start date and the project early finish date. See also duration (DU or DUR).

Project Duration Percent Complete

An estimate expressed as the percentage that the project actual duration is of the project total duration for a project that has work in progress.

Project Early Finish Date

The earliest possible point in time associated with the completion of the last schedule activity of the project. See also early finish date.

Project Early Start Date

The earliest possible point in time associated with the beginning of the first schedule activity of the project. See also early start date.

Project End Date

The point in time set by the project late finish date as determined by a schedule network analysis or as established by a project finish constraint. Also known as project completion date.

Project Finish Constraint

A limitation or restraint placed on the project late finish date that affects when the project should finish and is usually in the form of a fixed imposed date.

Project Finish Date

A point in time associated with the completion of the last schedule activity in a project. Usually qualified by one of the following: actual, baseline, current, early, expected, late, mandatory, original, scheduled, or target. See also finish date.

Project Funding Requirements

Forecast project costs to be paid that are derived from the cost baseline for total or periodic requirements, including projected expenditures plus anticipated liabilities.

نیازهای سرمایه‌ای پروژه، سرمایه مورد نیاز پروژه: پیش‌بینی هزینه‌های پرداختنی کل یا دوره‌ای پروژه که از مبنای هزینه پروژه استخراج شده، از جمله مخارج پیش‌بینی‌شده به اضافه بدهی‌های پیش‌بینی‌شده.

Project Funding Requirements S-curve

Project Governance

The framework, functions, and processes that guide project management activities in order to create a unique product, service, or result to meet organizational, strategic, and operational goals.

راهبری پروژه، حکمرانی پروژه: چارچوب، عملکردها و فرآیندهایی که فعالیت‌های مدیریت پروژه را به منظور ایجاد یک محصول، خدمت یا نتیجه منحصر به فرد برای دستیابی به اهداف سازمانی، استراتژیک و عملیاتی هدایت می‌کند.

Project Governance

Project Identifier

A short, unique numeric or text identification assigned to each project to differentiate a particular project from other projects in a program.

Project Initiation

Launching a process that can result in the authorization of a new project.

آغاز پروژه: راه‌اندازی فرآیندی که می‌تواند منجر به ابلاغ یک پروژه جدید شود.

Project Integration Management

Project Integration Management includes the processes and activities to identify, define, combine, unify, and coordinate the various processes and project management activities within the Project Management Process Groups.

مدیریت یکپارچگی پروژه: مدیریت یکپارچگی پروژه شامل فرآیندها و فعالیت‌هایی است برای شناسایی، تعریف، ترکیب، یکسان سازی و هماهنگی فرآیندهای مختلف و فعالیت‌های مدیریت پروژه در گروه‌های فرآیند مدیریت پروژه.

Project Integration Management

Project Late Finish Date

The latest possible point in time associated with the completion of the last schedule activity of the project.

Project Late Start Date

The latest possible point in time associated with the beginning of the first schedule activity of the project.

Project Lead

A person who helps the project team to achieve the project objectives, typically by orchestrating the work of the project. See also project manager.

رهبر تیم: شخصی که به تیم پروژه کمک می‌کند تا به اهداف پروژه دست یابد، معمولاً از طریق هماهنگ کردن کارهای پروژه. به واژه مدیر پروژه نیز مراجعه کنید.

Project Life Cycle

The series of phases that a project passes through from its start to its completion.

چرخه حيات پروژه: مجموعه مراحلی که یک پروژه از شروع تا اتمام آن طی می کند.

Project Life Cycle - Product Life Cycle

Project Management

The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements.

مديريت پروژه: بکارگیری دانش، مهارت‌ها، ابزارها و تکنیک‌ها در فعالیت‌های پروژه برای برآوردن نیازهای پروژه.

Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK)

A term that describes the knowledge within the profession of project management.

گستره دانش مديريت پروژه: اصطلاحی که دانش در حرفه مدیریت پروژه را توصیف می‌کند.

Project Management Body of Knowledge PMBOK PMBOK 7

Project Management Information System

An information system consisting of the tools and techniques used to gather, integrate, and disseminate the outputs of project management processes.

سيستم اطلاعات مديريت پروژه: یک سیستم اطلاعاتی متشکل از ابزارها و تکنیک‌های مورد استفاده برای جمع آوری، یکپارچه‌سازی و توزیع خروجی‌های فرآیندهای مدیریت پروژه.

Project Management Information System

Project Management Information System (PMIS)

An information system consisting of the tools and techniques used to gather, integrate, and disseminate the outputs of project management processes.

Project Management Knowledge Area

An identified area of project management defined by its knowledge requirements and described in terms of its component processes, practices, inputs, outputs, tools, and techniques.

حوزه دانش مديريت پروژه: یک حوزه مشخص از مدیریت پروژه که با الزامات دانش آن تعریف شده و بر اساس فرآیندهای متشکل آن، شیوه‌ها، ورودی‌ها، خروجی‌ها، ابزارها و تکنیک‌ها توصیف می‌شود.

Project Management Knowledge Area

Project Management Office (PMO)

A management structure that standardizes the project-related governance processes and facilitates the sharing of resources, methodologies, tools, and techniques.

دفتر مديريت پروژه: ساختار مدیریتی که فرآیندهای حاکمیتی مرتبط با پروژه را استاندارد می‌کند و اشتراک منابع، متدولوژی‌ها، ابزارها و تکنیک‌ها را تسهیل می‌کند.

PMO Project Management Office

Project Management Plan

The document that describes how the project will be executed, monitored and controlled, and closed.

برنامه مديريت پروژه: سندی که نحوه اجرا، نظارت و کنترل و خاتمه پروژه را شرح می‌دهد.


Project Management Plan

Project Management Process Group

A logical grouping of project management inputs, tools and techniques, and outputs. The Project Management Process Groups include Initiating processes, Planning processes, Executing processes, Monitoring and Controlling processes, and Closing processes.

گروه فرآيندی مديريت پروژه: گروه‌بندی منطقی از ورودی‌ها، ابزارها و تکنیک‌ها و خروجی‌های مدیریت پروژه. گروه‌های فرآیند مدیریت پروژه شامل فرآیندهای آغازین، فرآیندهای برنامه‌ریزی، فرآیندهای اجرایی، فرآیندهای نظارت و کنترل و فرآیندهای خاتمه می‌باشند.

RSRastak PMBOK GPS Process Map

برای دانلود فایل GPS با کیفیت بالاتر اینجا کلیک کنید.

Project Management System

The aggregation of the processes, tools, techniques, methodologies, resources, and procedures to manage a project.

سيستم مديريت پروژه: تجمیع فرآیندها، ابزارها، تکنیک‌ها، روش‌ها، منابع و رویه‌ها برای مدیریت یک پروژه.


Project Management System


Project Management Team

The members of the project team who are directly involved in project management activities.

تيم مديريت پروژه: اعضای تیم پروژه که مستقیماً در فعالیت‌های مدیریت پروژه درگیر هستند.

Project Manager

The person assigned by the performing organization to lead the team that is responsible for achieving the project objectives. See also project lead.

مدير پروژه: شخصی که توسط سازمان مجری برای رهبری تیمی که مسئول دستیابی به اهداف پروژه است، تعیین می‌شود. واژه رهبر پروژه را نیز ببینید.

Project Manager (PM)

The person assigned by the performing organization to lead the team that is responsible for achieving the project objectives.

Project Name

A short phrase or label for each project, used in conjunction with the project identifier, to differentiate a particular project from other projects in a program. Also known as project title.

Project Organization Chart

A document that graphically depicts the project team members and their interrelationships for a specific project.

نمودار سازمانی پروژه: سندی که به صورت گرافیکی اعضای تیم پروژه و روابط متقابل آنها را برای یک پروژه خاص به تصویر می‌کشد.

Project Organization Chart

Project Phase

A collection of logically related project activities that culminates in the completion of one or more deliverables.

فاز پروژه: مجموعه‌ای از فعالیت‌های منطقاً مرتبط پروژه که منتج به تکمیل یک یا چند دستاورد یا قلم تحویل دادنی می‌شود.

Project Phase - Project Life Cycle

Project Physical Percent Complete

A calculation, expressed as a percent, of the amount of work that has been completed on the project, measured in terms of physical work progress.

Project Planned Finish Date

See also project scheduled finish date.

Project Planned Start Date

See also project scheduled start date.

Project Procurement Management

Project Procurement Management includes the processes necessary to purchase or acquire products, services, or results needed from outside the project team.

مديريت تداركات پروژه: مدیریت تدارکات پروژه شامل فرآیندهای لازم برای خرید یا به دست آوردن محصولات، خدمات یا نتایج مورد نیاز از خارج از تیم پروژه است.

Project Procurement Management

Project Quality Management

Project Quality Management includes the processes for incorporating the organization’s quality policy regarding planning, managing, and controlling project and product quality requirements, in order to meet stakeholders’ expectations.

مديريت كيفيت پروژه: مدیریت کیفیت پروژه شامل فرآیندهایی است برای لحاظ کردن خط مشی کیفیت سازمان در برنامه‌ریزی، مدیریت و کنترل کیفیت الزامات پروژه و محصول، به منظور برآورده کردن انتظارات ذینفعان.

Project Quality Management

Project Remaining Duration

The total number of work periods, in calendar units, between the data date of the schedule model and the project early finish date of a project that has at least one activity actual start date. This represents the time needed to complete a project where the work is in progress. See also remaining duration (RD).

Project Resource-Leveled Finish Date

The point in time associated with the last activity scheduled finish date of a resource-limited schedule activity in a resource-limited schedule.

Project Resource-Leveled Start Date

The point in time associated with the first activity scheduled start date of a resource-limited schedule activity in a resource-limited schedule.

Project Resource Management

Project Resource Management includes the processes to identify, acquire, and manage the resources needed for the successful completion of the project.

مديريت منابع پروژه: مدیریت منابع پروژه شامل فرآیندهایی برای شناسایی، کسب و مدیریت منابع مورد نیاز برای تکمیل موفقیت آمیز پروژه است.

Project Resource Management

Project Review

An event at the end of a phase or project to assess the status, evaluate the value delivered, and determine if the project is ready to move to the next phase or transition to operations.

مرور پروژه، بررسی وضعیت پروژه: رویدادی در پایان یک فاز یا پروژه برای ارزیابی وضعیت، ارزیابی ارزش تحویل شده، و تعیین اینکه آیا پروژه آماده انتقال به فاز بعدی یا انتقال به تیم بهره‌برداری/عملیات هست یا خیر.

Project Review

Project Risk Management

Project Risk Management includes the processes of conducting risk management planning, identification, analysis, response planning, response implementation, and monitoring risk on a project.

مديريت ريسك پروژه: مدیریت ریسک پروژه شامل فرآیندهای برنامه‌ریزی مدیریت ریسک، شناسایی، تجزیه و تحلیل، برنامه ریزی پاسخ، اجرای پاسخ و نظارت بر ریسک در یک پروژه است.

Project Risk Management

Project Schedule

An output of a schedule model that presents linked activities with planned dates, durations, milestones, and resources.

زمانبندی پروژه: خروجی یک مدل زمانبندی که فعالیت‌های مرتبط را با تاریخ‌های برنامه‌ریزی شده، مدت زمان، مایلستونها/رویدادهای کلیدی و منابع ارائه می‌دهد.

Project Schedule

Project Scheduled Finish Date

See current finish date and scheduled finish date.

Project Scheduled Start Date

See current start date and scheduled start date.

Project Schedule Management

Project Schedule Management includes the processes required to manage the timely completion of the project.

مدیریت زمانبندی پروژه: مدیریت زمانبندی پروژه شامل فرآیندهای مورد نیاز برای مدیریت تکمیل به موقع پروژه است.

Project Schedule Management

Project Schedule Network Diagram

A graphical representation of the logical relationships among the project schedule activities.

نمودار شبكه زمانبندی پروژه: یک نمایش گرافیکی از روابط منطقی بین فعالیت‌های زمانبندی پروژه.

Project Schedule Network Diagram

Project Scope

The work performed to deliver a product, service, or result with the specified features and functions.

محدوده پروژه: کاری که برای ارائه یک محصول، خدمت یا نتیجه با ویژگی‌ها و کارکردهای مشخص شده انجام می‌شود.

Project Scope Management

Project Scope Management includes the processes required to ensure that the project includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project successfully.

مديريت محدوده پروژه: مدیریت محدوده پروژه شامل فرآیندهای است که برای اطمینان از اینکه پروژه شامل تمام کارهای مورد نیاز و فقط کارهای مورد نیاز برای تکمیل موفقیت آمیز است، لازم است.

Project Scope Management

Project Scope Statement

The description of the project scope, major deliverables, and exclusions.

شرح محدوده پروژه، بیانیه محدوده پروژه: شرح محدوده پروژه، دستاوردها/اقلام مهم قابل تحویل و نیست‌های پروژه.

Project Stakeholder

See stakeholder.

Project Stakeholder Management

Project Stakeholder Management includes the processes required to identify the people, groups, or organizations that could impact or be impacted by the project, to analyze stakeholder expectations and their impact on the project, and to develop appropriate management strategies for effectively engaging stakeholders in project decisions and execution.

مدیریت ذینفعان پروژه: مدیریت ذینفعان پروژه شامل فرآیندهای مورد نیاز برای شناسایی افراد، گروه ها یا سازمان هایی است که می توانند بر پروژه تأثیر بگذارند یا تحت تأثیر قرار گیرند، برای تجزیه و تحلیل انتظارات ذینفعان و تأثیر آنها بر پروژه، و توسعه استراتژی های مدیریتی مناسب برای مشارکت مؤثر ذینفعان در تصمیم گیری های پروژه و اجرا.

Project Stakeholder Management

Project Start Constraint

A limitation or restraint placed on the project early start date that affects when the project should start and is usually in the form of a fixed imposed date.

Project Start Date

A point in time associated with the start of the first schedule activity in a project. Usually qualified by one of the following: actual, baseline, current, early, expected, late, mandatory, original, scheduled, or target. See also start date.

Project Team

A set of individuals performing the work of the project to achieve its objectives.

تیم پروژه: مجموعه ای از افراد که کار پروژه را برای رسیدن به اهداف آن انجام می‌دهند.

Project Team Directory

A documented list of project team members, their project roles, and communication information.

فهرست تيم پروژه: فهرستی مستند از اعضای تیم پروژه، نقش‌های آنها در پروژه و اطلاعات ارتباطی آنها.

Project Team Members

The persons who report either directly or indirectly to the project manager, and who are responsible for performing project work as a regular part of their assigned duties.

Project Time Management

See Project Schedule Management.

Project Title

See project name.

Project Total Duration

The total number of work periods, in calendar units, to complete a project. For a project in progress, it includes the project actual duration plus the project remaining duration.

Project Vision Statement

A concise, high-level description of the project that states the purpose and inspires the team to contribute to the project.

بیانیه چشم انداز پروژه: شرح مختصر و کلی از پروژه که چرایی پروژه را بیان کرده و تیم را برای مشارکت در پروژه ترغیب می‌کند.

Project Vision Statement

Project Work

See work.

Project Work Performance Domain

The performance domain that addresses activities and functions associated with establishing project processes, managing physical resources, and fostering a learning environment.

حوزه عملکردی اجرای پروژه: حوزه عملکردی که به فعالیت‌ها و کارکردهای مرتبط با استقرار فرآیندهای پروژه، مدیریت منابع فیزیکی و تقویت یک محیط یادگیری می‌پردازد.

Proof of Concept (PoC)

Also known as a prototype. See prototype.

Proposal Evaluation Techniques

The process of reviewing proposals provided by suppliers to support contract award decisions.

تکنیک‌های ارزیابی پروپوزال: فرآیند بررسی پیشنهادات ارائه شده توسط فروشندگان/پیمانکاران/تامین کنندگان برای حمایت از تصمیمات اعطای قرارداد.

Prototype

A working model used to obtain early feedback on the expected product before actually building it.

پروتوتایپ‌، نمونه اولیه: یک مدل کاری که برای گرفتن بازخورد زودهنگام در مورد محصول مورد انتظار قبل از ساخت محصول واقعی، استفاده می شود.

Prototype

Prototyping

A method of obtaining early feedback on requirements by providing a working model of the expected solution before actually building it.

Purpose Alignment Model

A technique that can be used to help facilitate discussions about priorities by placing product features on a matrix according to their criticality and market differentiation.

PV

Planned Value

Q

QA

quality assurance

QC

quality control

QFD

Quality Function Deployment

Qualitative Risk Analysis

The consideration of a range of characteristics such as probability of occurrence, degree of impact on the objectives, manageability, timing of possible impacts, relationships with other risks, and common causes or effects.

Quality

The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements.

كيفيت: درجه‌ای که مجموعه‌ای از ویژگی‌های ذاتی، الزامات را برآورده می‌کند.

Quality Assurance (QA)

The process of examining the effectiveness of quality control.

Quality Audits

A quality audit is a structured, independent process to determine if project activities comply with organizational and project policies, processes, and procedures.

ممیزی‌های کیفیت: ممیزی کیفیت یک فرآیند ساختاریافته و مستقل است برای تعیین اینکه آیا فعالیت‌های پروژه با خط مشی‌ها، فرآیندها و رویه‌های سازمانی و پروژه مطابقت دارد یا خیر.

Quality Checklists

A structured tool used to verify that a set of required steps has been performed.

چک لیست کیفیت: ابزاری ساختاریافته که برای تأیید انجام مجموعه ای از مراحل مورد نیاز استفاده می شود.

Quality Checklists

Quality Control Measurements

The documented results of control quality activities.

مقادیر اندازه‌گیری شده کنترل كيفيت: نتایج مستند اقدامات کنترل کیفیت.

Quality Control (QC)

See product quality control.

Quality Management Plan

A component of the project or program management plan that describes how an organization's quality policies will be implemented.

Quality Management Plan

A component of the project or program management plan that describes how applicable policies, procedures, and guidelines will be implemented to achieve the quality objectives.

برنامه مديريت كيفيت: بخشی از برنامه مدیریت پروژه یا طرح که نحوه اجرای سیاست ها، رویه ها و دستورالعمل های قابل اجرا برای دستیابی به اهداف کیفیت را شرح می دهد.

Quality Management System

The organizational framework whose structure provides the policies, processes, procedures, and resources required to implement the quality management plan. The typical project quality management plan should be compatible with the organization’s quality management system.

سیستم مدیریت کیفیت: چارچوب سازمانی که ساختار آن خط مشی ها، فرآیندها، رویه ها و منابع مورد نیاز برای اجرای برنامه مدیریت کیفیت را فراهم می‌کند. برنامه معمول مدیریت کیفیت پروژه باید با سیستم مدیریت کیفیت سازمان سازگار باشد.

Quality Metrics

A description of a project or product attribute and how to measure it.

شاخصهای کیفیت: شرحی از یک ویژگی پروژه یا محصول و نحوه اندازه‌گیری آن.

Quality Policy

The basic principles that should govern the organization's actions as it implements its system for quality management.

خط مشی کیفیت، سیاست کیفیت: اصول اساسی که باید بر اقدامات سازمان در هنگام پیاده سازی سیستم مدیریت کیفیت حاکم باشد.

Quality Report

A project document that includes quality management issues, recommendations for corrective actions, and a summary of findings from quality control activities and may include recommendations for process, project, and product improvements.

گزارش کیفیت: یک سند پروژه که شامل مسائل مدیریت کیفیت، توصیه هایی برای اقدامات اصلاحی، و خلاصه ای از یافته‌های اقدامات کنترل کیفیت است و ممکن است شامل توصیه هایی برای بهبود فرآیند، پروژه و محصول باشد.

Quality Requirement

A condition or capability that will be used to assess conformance by validating the acceptability of an attribute for the quality of a result.

الزام کیفیت، الزام کیفی: یک شرط یا قابلیتی که برای ارزیابی انطباق توسط اعتبارسنجی مقبولیت/پذیرش یک ویژگی از جنبه کیفیت نتیجه استفاده می‌شود.

Quantitative Risk Analysis

The combined effect of identified risks on the desired outcome.

Questionnaire and Survey

A written set of questions designed to quickly accumulate information from a large number of respondents.

Questionnaires

Written sets of questions designed to quickly accumulate information from a large number of respondents.

پرسشنامه‌ها: مجموعه سوالات مکتوب که برای جمع آوری سریع اطلاعات از تعداد زیادی از پاسخ دهندگان طراحی شده است.

Questionnaires

R

RACI

Responsible, Accountable, Consult, and Inform

RACI Chart

A common type of responsibility assignment matrix that uses responsible, accountable, consult, and inform statuses to define the involvement of stakeholders in project activities.

نمودار RACI: یک نوع متداول از ماتریس انتساب/تخصیص مسئولیت که از وضعیت‌های مسئول، پاسخگو/متولی، مشاوره و اطلاع‌رسانی برای تعریف مشارکت ذینفعان در فعالیت‌های پروژه استفاده می‌کند.

RACI Chart RAM

RACI Model

A common type of responsibility assignment matrix that uses responsible, accountable, consult, and inform statuses to define the involvement of stakeholders in project activities. Also known as a RACI chart.

RAM

Responsibility Assignment Matrix

Rational Reasoning

Using logic and reasoning to drive decision making.

RBS

Risk Breakdown Structure

RCA

root cause analysis

RD

remaining duration

Readiness Assessment

A determination of the ability and the interest of an organization to transition to the future state. The readiness assessment is used to identify any gaps in readiness that are considered risks to achieving the end state along with risk responses for addressing them. See also transition plan.

Realization stage

The final phase in the PMO customer experience cycle where the PMO’s impact on the organization comes into sharp focus and value is demonstrated

Real Options

A decision-making thought process that looks to reduce the number of decisions needing to be made in the short term and delays decision making until as late as is possible to reduce uncertainties.

Recommended Changes to Requirements and Other Product Information

The course of action that is proposed after analyzing all of the impacts associated to making a proposed change.

Recommended Solution Option

The solution choice determined the best approach for addressing the business need.

Refactoring

A product quality technique whereby the design of a product is improved by enhancing its maintainability and other desired attributes without altering its expected behavior.

Refining the Backlog

See backlog refinement.

Register

A written record of regular entries for evolving aspects of a project, such as risks, stakeholders, or defects.

فهرست، لیست: یک رکورد مکتوب از ورودی های منظم برای جنبه های در حال تحول یک پروژه، مانند خطرات، ذینفعان، یا نواقص.

Regression Analysis

An analytical method where a series of input variables are examined in relation to their corresponding output results in order to develop a mathematical or statistical relationship.

تحلیل رگرسیون: یک روش تحلیلی است که در آن مجموعه‌ای از متغیرهای ورودی با نتایج خروجی متناظرشان به منظور ایجاد یک رابطه ریاضی یا آماری مورد بررسی قرار می گیرد.

Regression Analysis

Regression Testing

Testing conducted to validate that new or enhanced functionality will not impact existing functionality.

Regulation

A requirement imposed by a governmental body. A requirement can establish a product, process, or service characteristic, including an applicable administrative provision that has government-mandated compliance.

Regulations

Requirements imposed by a governmental body. These requirements can establish product, process, or service characteristics, including applicable administrative provisions that have government-mandated compliance.

آیین‌نامه‌ها، مقررات: الزامات تحمیل شده توسط یک نهاد دولتی. این الزامات می‌تواند تنظیم/تعیین کننده ویژگی‌های محصول، فرآیند یا خدمت، از جمله مقررات اجرایی قابل اجرا که مطابق با دستور دولت است، باشد.

Regulatory Standard

The criteria established by a governmental or industry or organizational body as to what constitutes compliance with rules and constraints. Regulatory standards can be imposed on products or on the procedures used to create or modify products.

Relationship Building

Social skills that enable one to develop partnerships and to operate as an effective member of a team or a group.

Relationship Line

A logical relationship line drawn within a project schedule network diagram from one schedule activity to one or more other schedule activities indicating the type of logical relationship by the relative position of the beginning and end points of the line.

Relationships and Dependencies

The linkages established between objects, like components of product information, deliverables, and project work.

Relative Estimating

A method for creating estimates that are derived from performing a comparison against a similar body of work, taking effort, complexity, and uncertainty into consideration.

برآورد نسبی: روشی برای ایجاد تخمین‌هایی که از انجام یک مقایسه در برابر یک کار مشابه، با در نظر گرفتن تلاش، پیچیدگی و عدم اطمینان حاصل می‌شود.

Relative Estimation

A technique for creating estimates that are derived from performing a comparison against a similar body of work rather than estimating based on absolute units of cost or time. See also estimation poker.

Release

One or more components of one or more products, which are intended to be put into production at the same time.

عرضه، ارائه، ریلیز: یک یا چند جزء از یک یا چند محصول، که قرار است همزمان وارد تولید شوند.

Release Decision

An agreement to either permit the release or partial release of the solution, delay it, or disapprove and prevent it. A release decision often includes a signoff.

Release Plan

The plan that sets expectations for the dates, features, and/or outcomes expected to be delivered over the course of multiple iterations.

برنامه عرضه (محصول)، برنامه ارائه (محصول): برنامه‌ای که انتظارات مرتبط با تاریخ‌ها، ویژگی‌ها و/یا ثمراتی که انتظار می‌رود در طی چندین تکرار/چرخه ارائه/عرضه شود را تعیین/تنظیم می‌کند.

Release Plan

Release Planning

The process of identifying a high-level plan for releasing or transitioning a product, deliverable, or increment of value.

برنامه‌ریزی عرضه/ریلیز/ارائه/انتشار (محصول): فرآیند شناسایی یک برنامه سطح بالا برای انتشار یا انتقال یک محصول، دستاورد یا توسعه ارزش.

Releasing Process Group

The business analysis process performed to determine whether all or part of a solution should be released and to obtain acceptance that all or part of a solution is ready to be transitioned to an operational team that will take ongoing responsibility for it.

Reliability

The capability of a product to operate error free, to maintain its level of performance under stated conditions, or for a stated period or percentage of time.

Remaining Duration (RD)

The time, in calendar units, which is (a) equal to the original duration for an activity that has not started or (b) between the data date of the project schedule and the finish date of a schedule activity that has an actual start date. This represents the time needed to complete a schedule activity where the work is in progress. See also activity remaining duration and project remaining duration.

Report

A formal record or summary of information.

گزارش: ثبت رسمی یا خلاصه‌ای از اطلاعات.

Reporting and Analysis Tools

A category of tools used in business analysis for processing, analyzing, and reporting information at different levels of granularity.

Report Table

A business analysis model that documents, in a tabular format, all of the requirements necessary to develop a single report.

Request for Information (RFI)

A type of procurement document whereby the buyer requests a potential seller to provide various pieces of information related to a product or service or seller capability.

درخواست اطلاعات، آگهی شناسایی پیمانکاران: نوعی سند خرید/تدارکاتی/برون سپاری که به موجب آن خریدار از فروشنده بالقوه درخواست می‌کند تا اطلاعات مختلفی را در رابطه با یک محصول یا خدمت یا توانایی فروشنده ارائه دهد.

Request for Proposal (RFP)

A type of procurement document used to request proposals from prospective sellers of products or services. In some application areas, it may have a narrower or more specific meaning.

درخواست پروپوزال: نوعی سند خرید/تدارکات/برون‌سپاری که برای درخواست پیشنهادات از فروشندگان آتی محصولات یا خدمات استفاده می‌شود. در برخی حوزه‌های کاری، ممکن است معنای محدودتر یا خاص‌تر داشته باشد.

Request for Quotation (RFQ)

A type of procurement document used to request price quotations from prospective sellers of common or standard products or services. Sometimes used in place of request for proposal and, in some application areas, it may have a narrower or more specific meaning.

استعلام قیمت: نوعی سند خرید که برای درخواست قیمت از فروشندگان آتی محصولات یا خدمات معمول یا استاندارد استفاده می‌شود. گاهی اوقات این سند به جای سند "درخواست برای پیشنهاد" استفاده می‌شود و در برخی حوزه‌های کاری ممکن است معنای محدودتر یا خاص‌تری داشته باشد.

Required Capabilities and Features

The list of net changes the organization will need to obtain in order to achieve the desired future state.

Requirement

A condition or capability that is necessary to be present in a product, service, or result to satisfy a business need.

الزام: شرط یا قابلیتی که برای وجود در یک محصول، خدمت یا نتیجه برای برآورده کردن یک نیاز تجاری ضروری است.

Requirements and Other Product Information

See product information.

Requirements Architecture

Describes how requirements, models, and other product information or elements of those relate to each other.

Requirements Attribute

A property of a requirement used to store descriptive information about the requirement, such as last change date, author, source, etc.

Requirements Change Process

The process that defines how changes to requirements will be handled.

Requirements Definition

The process of specifying requirements and other types of product information at the appropriate level of detail, format, and level of formality.

Requirements Documentation

A record of product requirements and other product information, along with whatever is recorded to manage it.

مستندات الزامات: مستندی از الزامات محصول و سایر اطلاعات محصول، به همراه هر آنچه برای مدیریت آن ثبت شده است.

Requirements Elicitation

The activity of drawing out information from stakeholders and other sources for the purpose of further understanding the needs of the business, to address a problem or opportunity and the stakeholder's preferences and conditions for the solution that will address those needs.

Requirements Life Cycle

The flow or life of a requirement throughout a portfolio, program, or project. The requirement life cycle is managed by assigning an attribute or qualifier onto the requirement to depict the requirement state at a specified point in time.

Requirements Management Plan

A component of the project or program management plan that describes how requirements will be analyzed, documented, and managed.

برنامه مدیریت الزامات: جزئی از برنامه مدیریت پروژه یا طرح که چگونگی تجزیه و تحلیل، مستندسازی و مدیریت الزامات را شرح می‌دهد.

Requirements Management Tool

A software product that allows for the capture and storage of requirements and other product information in a repository. Requirements management tools have features to assist in managing and maintaining requirements throughout the product life cycle.

Requirements Package

The culmination of a set of product information that is used to communicate information about the solution at a specific point in time (e.g., at the end of a phase or iteration). When using an adaptive delivery approach, the requirements package is often not composed of a formal set of documentation. Requirements packages can also be established in the requirements management tools.

Requirement State

An attribute of a requirement that identifies where the requirement falls within the requirements life cycle, for example, in-process, approved, deferred, or rejected.

Requirements Traceability Matrix

A grid that links product requirements from their origin to the deliverables that satisfy them.

ماتريس رديابي الزامات: ماتریسی که الزامات محصول را از مبدأ/منشأ آنها به دستاوردهایی که آنها را برآورده می‌کند، پیوند می‌دهد.

Requirements Traceability Matrix

Excel 2007 spreadsheet requirement-traceability-matrix.xlsx

Requirements Validation

The process of ensuring that the solution satisfies its intended use and anticipated value, ensuring the correct solution is delivered.

Research Skill

An ability to elicit useful information from relevant sources in a timely and effective manner.

Reserve

A provision in the project management plan to mitigate cost and/or schedule risk, often used with a modifier (e.g., management reserve, contingency reserve) to provide further detail on what types of risk are meant to be mitigated).

ذخیره، اندوخته: توشه‌ای در برنامه مدیریت پروژه برای کاهش ریسک هزینه و/یا زمانبندی، که اغلب با یک پیراینده/آراینده (مثلاً ذخیره مدیریت، ذخیره احتیاطی) برای ارائه جزئیات بیشتر در مورد نوع ریسکی که قرار است کاهش یابد، استفاده می‌شود.

Reserve

انواع ذخیره‌ها در مدیریت پروژه (Types of Reserve)

ذخیره‌ها از جمله موضوعاتی هستند که دربسیاری از پروژه‌های ما مغفول واقع شده و به همین دلیل هم جایگزین بد آن پدینگ یعنی “دست بالاگرفتن” در برآوردها بیشتر شنیده شده‌ است. با تعریف درست ذخیره‌ها می‌توان هم شفاف بود و هم صادق. هم برآورد منطقی داشت و هم در عین حال ذخیره‌ای برای روز مبادا. در این پادکست قصد داریم شما را با انواع ذخیره‌ها در مدیریت پروژه حرفه‌ای آشنا کنیم.


Reserve Analysis

A method used to evaluate the amount of risk on the project and the amount of schedule and budget reserve to determine whether the reserve is sufficient for the remaining risk.

تحليل ذخیره: روشی که برای ارزیابی میزان ریسک و مقدار ذخیره زمانبندی و بودجه پروژه استفاده می‌شود تا مشخص شود آیا ذخیره برای ریسک باقی مانده کافی است یا خیر.

Residual Risk

The risk that remains after risk responses have been implemented.

ريسك باقيمانده: ریسکی که پس از اجرای پاسخ های ریسک باقی می ماند.

Resource

A team member or any physical item needed to complete the project.

منبع: یک عضو تیم یا هر مورد فیزیکی مورد نیاز برای تکمیل پروژه.

Resource Assignment

The linkage of one or more resources to a schedule activity and identification of the amount of each resource that is needed to accomplish the work on that schedule activity.

Resource Attributes

Multiple attributes associated with each resource that can be included within the resource library, such as resource identifier, resource name, resource type, resource availability, resource rate, resource code, constraints, and assumptions.

Resource Availability

The dates and number of work periods, in calendar units, that a given resource is available according to the appropriate resource calendar.

Resource Breakdown Structure

A hierarchical representation of resources by category and type.

ساختار شكست منبع: نمایش سلسله مراتبی منابع بر اساس دسته و نوع.

Resource Breakdown Structure

Resource Calendar

A calendar that identifies the working days and shifts upon which each specific resource is available.

تقويم منبع: تقویمی که روزهای کاری و شیفت هایی را که در آن هر منبع خاص در دسترس است را مشخص می کند.

Project Calendar vs Resource Calendar

Resource-Constrained Schedule

See resource-limited schedule.

Resource Dictionary

See resource library.

Resourcefulness

Using alternative or creative means to elicit information and solve problems, especially when a clear or conventional solution is not available.

Resource Histogram

A bar chart showing the amount of time that a resource is scheduled to work over a series of time periods.

نمودار فراوانی منبع، هيستوگرام منبع: نمودار میله‌ای که نشان‌دهنده مدت زمانی است که یک منبع قرار است در یک سری دوره‌های زمانی کار کند.

Resource Histogram

Resource Identifier

A short, unique numeric or text identification assigned to each specific resource to differentiate that resource from other resources.

Resource Lag

The number of calendar units a resource is to wait after the activity start date before beginning work on the schedule activity.

Resource Leveling

A resource optimization technique in which adjustments are made to the project schedule to optimize the allocation of resources and which may affect critical path. See also resource optimization technique and resource smoothing.

تسطيع منابع: یک تکنیک بهینه‌سازی منابع که در آن تنظیماتی در زمان‌بندی پروژه برای بهینه‌سازی تخصیص منابع انجام می‌شود و ممکن است بر مسیر بحرانی تأثیر بگذارد. همچنین تکنیک بهینه سازی منابع و هموارسازی منابع را ببینید.

Resource Leveling

Resource Library

A documented tabulation containing the complete list, including resource attributes, of all resources that can be assigned to project activities. Also known as resource dictionary.

Resource-Limited Schedule

A project schedule whose schedule activity, scheduled start dates, and scheduled finish dates reflect expected resource availability. Also known as resource-constrained schedule. See also resource leveling.

Resource Management Plan

A component of the project management plan that describes how project resources are acquired, allocated, monitored, and controlled.

برنامه مدیریت منابع: بخشی از برنامه مدیریت پروژه که چگونگی کسب، تخصیص، نظارت و کنترل منابع پروژه را شرح می‌دهد.

Resource Manager

An individual with management authority over one or more resources.

مدیر منبع: فردی با اختیار مدیریت بر یک یا چند منبع.

Resource Name

A short phrase or label for each resource used in conjunction with a resource identifier to differentiate that resource from other resources, for example, by type, role, or individual.

Resource Optimization Technique

A technique in which activity start and finish dates are adjusted to balance the demand for resources with the available supply. See also resource leveling and resource smoothing.

تکنیک بهینه سازی منبع: تکنیکی که در آن تاریخ شروع و پایان فعالیت برای متعادل کردن عرضه و تقاضای منابع تنظیم می‌شود. به هموارسازی منابع و هموارسازی منابع نیز مراجعه کنید.

Resource Rate

The unit cost rate assigned to a specific resource, including known rate escalations.

Resource Requirements

The types and quantities of resources required for each activity in a work package.

الزامات منبع، منبع مورد نیاز: انواع و مقادیر منابع مورد نیاز برای هر فعالیت در یک بسته کاری.

Resource Smoothing

A resource optimization technique in which free and total float are used without affecting the critical path. See also resource leveling and resource optimization technique.

هموارسازی منبع: یک تکنیک بهینه سازی منابع که در آن شناوری آزاد و کل بدون تأثیر بر مسیر بحرانی استفاده می‌شود. همچنین به تکنیک تسطیح‌ منابع و بهینه‌سازی منابع مراجعه کنید.

Resource Smoothing

Resource Type

A unique designation that differentiates a resource by skills, capabilities, or other attributes.

Response Strategy

A high-level approach to address an individual risk or overall risk, broken down into a set of risk actions.

Responsibility

An assignment that can be delegated within a project management plan such that the assigned resource incurs a duty to perform the requirements of the assignment.

مسؤلیت، وظیفه: یک تکلیف که می‌تواند در داخل برنامه مدیریت پروژه تفویض شود، به طوری که منبع تخصیص یافته وظیفه‌ای برای انجام الزامات تکلیف را متحمل شود.

Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM)

A grid that shows the project resources assigned to each work package.

ماتريس تخصيص مسئوليت، ماتريس انتساب مسئوليت: شبکه‌ای که منابع اختصاص داده شده پروژه به هر بسته کاری را نشان می‌دهد.

RACI Chart RAM

Result

An output from performing project management processes and activities. See also deliverable.

نتيجه: خروجی انجام فرآیندها و فعالیت های مدیریت پروژه. واژه دستاورد/تحویل دادنی را نیز ببینید.

Retained Logic

A schedule calculation which requires that an out-of-sequence activity cannot resume until all predecessors� logical relationships have been satisfied.

Retrospective

A regularly occurring workshop in which participants explore their work and results in order to improve both the process and product.

بازاندیشی: یک کارگاه منظم/روتین که در آن شرکت کنندگان کار و نتایج خود را به منظور بهبود هم فرآیند و هم محصول بررسی می‌کنند.

Retrospective Meeting/Workshop

Return on investment (ROI)

Return on investment (ROI) is calculated by dividing the profit earned on an investment by the cost of that investment. For instance, an investment with a profit of $100 and a cost of $100 would have an ROI of 1, or 100% when expressed as a percentage.

بازده سرمایه گذاری (ROI): با تقسیم سود حاصل از سرمایه گذاری بر هزینه آن سرمایه گذاری محاسبه می شود. به عنوان مثال، سرمایه گذاری با سود 100 دلار و هزینه 100 دلار دارای بازگشت سرمایه 1 یا 100% است، اگر به صورت درصد بیان شود.

Return on Investment (ROI)

The percent return on an initial investment, calculated by taking the projected average of all net benefits and dividing them by the initial cost.

Rework

Action taken to bring a defective or nonconforming component into compliance with requirements or specifications.

دوباره‌كاری: اقدامات انجام شده برای تطبیق یک جزء معیوب یا ناسازگار با الزامات یا مشخصات.

RFI

Request For Information

RFP

Request For Proposal

RFQ

Request For Quotation

Risk

An uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on one or more project objectives.

ريسك: یک رویداد یا شرایط نامشخص که در صورت وقوع، تأثیر مثبت یا منفی بر یک یا چند هدف پروژه دارد.

Risk Acceptance

A risk response strategy whereby the project team decides to acknowledge the risk and not take any action unless the risk occurs.

پذيرش ريسك: یک استراتژی پاسخ ریسک که به موجب آن تیم پروژه تصمیم می‌گیرد ریسک را پذیرفته و هیچ اقدامی انجام ندهد مگر اینکه خطر رخ دهد.

Risk Action

A detailed task that implements, in whole or in part, a response strategy in order to address an individual risk or overall risk.

Risk Action Owner

The person(s) responsible for carrying out the approved risk actions when responding to a given risk. Also known as response owner.

Risk-Adjusted Backlog

A backlog that includes product work and actions to address threats and opportunities.

فهرست تلفیقی کارها و ریسک، فهرست تطبیق یافته ریسک: فهرستی اولویت‌بندی شده‌ای از کارهای محصول بهمراه اقداماتی برای رسیدگی به تهدیدها و فرصت‌ها.

Risk-Adjusted Backlog

Risk Analysis

The activities related to defining the characteristics of a risk and the degree to which it can impact objectives.

Risk Appetite

The degree of uncertainty an organization or individual is willing to accept in anticipation of a reward.

اشتیاق ریسک: درجه عدم قطعیتی که یک سازمان یا فرد در انتظار دریافت پاداش مایل به پذیرش آن است.

Risk Assessment

The process of identifying, analyzing, and determining the probability of occurrence of a risk.

Risk Attitude

A disposition toward uncertainty, adopted explicitly or implicitly by individuals and groups, driven by perception, and evidenced by observable behavior.

Risk Audit

A type of audit used to consider the effectiveness of the risk management process.

ممیزی ریسک، آدیت ریسک: نوعی ممیزی که برای ارزیابی اثربخشی فرآیند مدیریت ریسک استفاده می شود.

Risk Avoidance

A risk response strategy whereby the project team acts to eliminate the threat or protect the project from its impact.

اجتناب / پرهیز از ريسك: یک استراتژی پاسخ ریسک که به موجب آن تیم پروژه برای از بین بردن تهدید یا محافظت از پروژه در برابر تأثیر آن، اقدام می‌کند.

Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS)

A hierarchical representation of potential sources of risks.

ساختار شكست ريسك: نمایش سلسله مراتبی از مبادی/منشأهای بالقوه ریسک.

Risk Category - RBS

Risk Burndown Chart

On adaptive projects, risk burndown charts are used to show the status of risks across iterations. See burndown chart.

Risk Categorization

Organization by sources of risk (eg, using the RBS), the area of the project affected (eg, using the WBS), or other useful category (eg, project phase) to determine the areas of the project most exposed to the effects of uncertainty).

دسته بندی ریسک: سازماندهی بر اساس مبادی یا سرچشمه‌های ریسک (مثلاً با استفاده از RBS)، ناحیه تحت تأثیر در پروژه (مثلاً با استفاده از WBS) یا سایر دسته‌های مفید (مثلاً فاز پروژه) برای تعیین مناطقی از پروژه که بیشتر در معرض تأثیرات عدم قطعیت قرار دارند).

Risk Category

A group of potential causes of risk.

دسته ريسك: گروهی از علل احتمالی ریسک.

Risk Category - RBS

Risk Data Quality Assessment

Technique to evaluate the degree to which the data about risks is useful for risk management.

ارزیابی کیفیت داده‌های ریسک: تکنیکی برای ارزیابی میزان مفید بودن داده‌های مربوط به ریسک‌ها برای مدیریت ریسک.

Risk Enhancement

A risk response strategy whereby the project team acts to increase the probability of occurrence or impact of an opportunity.

ارتقاء ریسک: یک استراتژی پاسخ ریسک که به موجب آن تیم پروژه برای افزایش احتمال وقوع یا تأثیر یک فرصت اقدام می کند.

Risk Escalation

A risk response strategy whereby the team acknowledges that a risk is outside of its sphere of influence and shifts the ownership of the risk to a higher level of the organization where it is more effectively managed.

ارجاع ریسک: یک استراتژی پاسخ ریسک که به موجب آن تیم تأیید می‌کند که یک ریسک خارج از حوزه نفوذش بوده و مالکیت آنرا به سطح بالاتری از سازمان منتقل می‌کند که در آن به طور مؤثرتری مدیریت می‌شود.

Risk Exploiting

A risk response strategy whereby the project team acts to ensure that an opportunity occurs.

تحقق ریسک: یک استراتژی پاسخ ریسک که به موجب آن تیم پروژه برای اطمینان از وقوع یک فرصت اقدام می‌کند.

Risk Exposure

An aggregate measure of the potential impact of all risks at any given point in time in a project, program, or portfolio.

میزان مواجهه با ریسک، کل اثر ریسک، اثر کلی ریسک: یک شاخص تجمیعی از تأثیر بالقوه همه ریسک‌ها در هر نقطه زمانی معین در یک پروژه، طرح یا پورتفولیو.

Risk Identification

The process of locating and profiling the characteristics of risks related to work objectives.

Risk Management

The process that shapes decision making across the organization and within each of the domains and involves identifying, analyzing, responding to, and monitoring risks.

Risk Management Framework

A structure that organizes the process and activities of managing risks in an iterative fashion.

Risk Management Life Cycle

A structured approach for undertaking a comprehensive view of risk throughout the enterprise, portfolio, program, and project domains.

Risk Management Plan

A component of the project, program, or portfolio management plan that describes how risk management activities will be structured and performed.

برنامه مديريت ريسك: بخشی از برنامه مدیریت پروژه، طرح یا پورتفولیو که چگونگی سازماندهی و اجرای فعالیت‌های مدیریت ریسک را شرح می‌دهد.

Risk Mitigation

A risk response strategy whereby the project team acts to decrease the probability of occurrence or impact of a threat.

تعدیل ریسک، کاهش ريسك: یک استراتژی پاسخ ریسک که به موجب آن تیم پروژه برای کاهش احتمال وقوع یا تأثیر یک تهدید اقدام می‌کند.

Risk Owner

The person responsible for monitoring the risks and for selecting and implementing an appropriate risk response strategy.

مالک ریسک: شخصی که مسئول نظارت بر ریسک ها و انتخاب و اجرای استراتژی مناسب پاسخ به ریسک است.

Risk Register

A repository in which outputs of risk management processes are recorded.

ريسك ثبت شده، فهرست ریسک: مخزنی/فهرستی که خروجی‌های فرآیندهای مدیریت ریسک در آن ثبت می‌شود.

Risk Register

Risk Report

A project document that summarizes information on individual project risks and the level of overall project risk.

گزارش ریسک: یک سند پروژه که اطلاعات مربوط به ریسک‌های تکی پروژه و میزان ریسک کلی پروژه را خلاصه می‌کند.

Risk Response

An action planned or implemented, to address particular threats and opportunities.

Risk Review

The process of analyzing the status of existing risks and identifying new risks. May also be known as risk reassessment.

مرور ریسک: فرآیند تجزیه و تحلیل وضعیت ریسک های موجود و شناسایی ریسک های جدید. ممکن است به عنوان ارزیابی مجدد ریسک نیز شناخته شود.

Risk Sharing

A risk response strategy whereby the project team allocates ownership of an opportunity to a third party who is best able to capture the benefit of that opportunity.

شراکت ریسک: یک استراتژی پاسخ ریسک که به موجب آن تیم پروژه مالکیت یک فرصت را به شخص ثالثی اختصاص می‌دهد که به بهترین وجه می‌تواند از مزایای آن فرصت استفاده کند.

Risk Spike

A sprint or iteration specifically designated for research to address product risks. See also spike.

Risk Threshold

The measure of acceptable variation around an objective that reflects the risk appetite of the organization and stakeholders. See also risk appetite.

آستانه ريسك: مقیاسی برای بیان نوسانات قابل قبول حول یک هدف (مانند زمان و هزینه) که میزان ریسک پذیری سازمان و ذینفعان را منعکس می‌کند. واژه اشتیاق ریسک را نیز ببینید.

Risk Transference

A risk response strategy whereby the project team shifts the impact of a threat to a third party, together with ownership of the response.

انتقال ريسك: یک استراتژی پاسخ ریسک که به موجب آن تیم پروژه اثر تهدید را بهمراه مالکیت پاسخ آنرا به شخص ثالث منتقل می‌کند.

RML

requirements modeling language

Roadmap

A high-level time line that depicts such things as milestones, significant events, reviews, and decision points.

نقشه راه: یک خط زمانی سطح بالا که مواردی مانند نقاط عطف، رویدادهای مهم، بررسی‌ها و نقاط تصمیم را به تصویر می‌کشد.

Roadmap

ROI

return on investment

Role

A defined function to be performed by a project team member, such as testing, filing, inspecting, or coding.

نقش، سمت، عنوان شغلی: یک وظیفه تعریف شده که باید توسط یک عضو تیم پروژه انجام شود، مانند آزمایش، بایگانی، بازرسی یا کدنویسی.

Rolling Wave Planning

An iterative planning method in which the work to be accomplished in the near term is planned in detail, while the work in the future is planned at a higher level.

برنامه‌ريزی تدریجی، برنامه‌ریزی موج غلتان، برنامه‌ریزی غلتان: یک روش تکرارپذیر/چرخشی برنامه‌ریزی که در آن کاری که باید در کوتاه مدت انجام شود با جزئیات برنامه‌ریزی می‌شود، در حالی که کارهای آینده (بلند مدت) در سطح بالاتر برنامه‌ریزی می‌شود.

Rolling Wave Planning

Root Cause Analysis

An analytical method used to determine the basic underlying reason that causes a variance or a defect or a risk.

تحليل دلیل (دلایل) ريشه‌ای: یک روش تحلیلی که برای تعیین دلیل (دلایل) اساسی که باعث ایجاد انحراف یا نقص یا ریسک می‌شود، استفاده می‌شود.

Root Cause Analysis

Root Cause Analysis (RCA)

An analytical technique used to determine the basic underlying reason(s) that causes a variance or a defect or a risk. A root cause may underlie more than one variance or defect or risk.

Rule Model

A model of concepts and behaviors that defines or constrains aspects of a business in order to enforce established business policies.

RUP

rational unified process

S

SAC

schedule at completion

SAFe®

Scaled Agile Framework®

SBE

specification by example

Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe®)

A knowledge base of integrated patterns for enterprise-scale lean–agile development

Scatter Diagram

A graph that shows the relationship between two variables.

نمودار پراکندگی، نمودار همبستگی: نموداری که رابطه بین دو متغیر را نشان می دهد.

Scatter Diagram

Scenario

A case of usage of a solution often manifested as a concrete example of a use case or user story or several functional requirements specified in the sequence in which they occur.

Schedule

See project schedule.

زمانبندی: واژه زمانبندی پروژه را ببینید.

Schedule Activity

A discrete, scheduled component of work performed during the course of a project. See also activity.

Schedule Analysis

See also schedule network analysis.

Schedule at Completion (SAC)

The total schedule duration established to complete the entire work scope.

Schedule Baseline

The approved version of a schedule model that can be changed using formal change control procedures and is used as the basis for comparison to actual results. See also baseline and performance measurement baseline.

Schedule Baseline

The approved version of a schedule model that can be changed using formal change control procedures and is used as the basis for comparison to actual results.

مبنای زمانبندی: نسخه تایید/تصویب شده یک مدل زمان بندی که به عنوان مبنایی برای مقایسه با نتایج واقعی استفاده می شود و تنها وقتی می تواند تغییر کند که گامهای رویه رسمی کنترل تغییر را طی کند.

Schedule Compression

A method used to shorten the schedule duration without reducing the project scope.

فشرده‌سازی زمانبندی: روشی که برای کوتاه کردن مدت زمان پروژه بدون کاهش محدوده پروژه استفاده می شود.

Schedule Data

The collection of information for describing and controlling the schedule.

داده های زمانبندی: مجموعه ای از اطلاعات برای توصیف و کنترل زمانبندی.

Scheduled Finish Date

The point in time when work was scheduled to finish on a schedule activity. Also known as planned finish date. See also activity scheduled finish date, current finish date, and project scheduled finish date.

Scheduled Start Date

The point in time when work was scheduled to start on a schedule activity. Also known as planned start date. See also activity scheduled start date, current start date, and project scheduled start date.

Schedule Forecasts

Estimates or predictions of conditions and events in the project's future based on information and knowledge available at the time the schedule is calculated.

پیش‌بینی های زمانبندی: برآورد یا پیش‌بینی شرایط و رویدادهای آینده پروژه بر اساس اطلاعات و دانش موجود در زمان محاسبه زمان‌بندی.

Schedule Level

A project team-specified rule for the relative granularity of schedule activities in the overall schedule model.

Schedule Management Plan

A component of the project or program management plan that establishes the criteria and the activities for developing, monitoring, and controlling the schedule.

برنامه مديريت زمانبندی: بخشی از برنامه مدیریت پروژه یا طرح است که معیارها و اقدامات لازم برای تهیه، نظارت و کنترل برنامه زمانبندی را تعیین می کند.

Schedule Milestone

A significant event in the project schedule, such as an event restraining future work or marking the completion of a major deliverable. Also known as milestone activity. See also milestone.

Schedule Model

A representation of the plan for executing the project's activities including durations, dependencies, and other planning information, used to produce a project schedule along with other scheduling artifacts.

مدل زمانبندی: نمایشی از برنامه اجرای فعالیت‌های پروژه شامل مدت زمان، وابستگی‌ها و سایر اطلاعات برنامه‌ریزی، که برای تولید برنامه زمان‌بندی پروژه به همراه سایر مصنوعات زمان بندی استفاده می شود.

Schedule Model Analysis

A process used to investigate or analyze the output of the schedule model in order to optimize the schedule. See also schedule model.

Schedule Model Instance

A version of the schedule model that has been processed by a schedule tool and has reacted to inputs and adjustments made to the project-specific data within the scheduling tool (completed update cycle), which is saved for record and reference, such as data date version, target schedule models, and the baseline schedule model.

Schedule Network Analysis

A technique to identify early and late start dates, as well as early and late finish dates, for the uncompleted portions of project activities.

تحليل شبكه زمانبندی: تکنیکی برای شناسایی زودترین و دیرترین تاریخ‌های شروع، و همچنین زودترین و دیرترین تاریخ‌های پایان برای بخش‌های ناتمام فعالیت‌های پروژه است.

Schedule Performance Index (SPI)

A measure of schedule efficiency expressed as the ratio of earned value to planned value.

شاخص عملكرد زمانبندی: شاخص کارایی زمانبندی که به صورت نسبت ارزش کسب شده به ارزش برنامه‌ریزی شده بیان می‌شود.

Schedule Performance Index SPI

Schedule Performance Index SPI Formula

Schedule Variance (SV)

A measure of schedule performance expressed as the difference between the earned value and the planned value.

انحراف زمانبندی: شاخص عملکرد زمانبندی که به صورت تفاوت بین ارزش کسب شده و ارزش برنامه‌ریزی شده بیان می‌شود.

Schedule Variance (SV)

Schedule Variance (SV) Formula

Scheduling Approach

A system of practices, techniques, procedures, and rules used by project scheduling schedulers. This methodology can be performed either manually or with project management software specifically used for scheduling.

Scheduling Tool

A tool that provides schedule component names, definitions, structural relationships, and formats that support the application of a scheduling method.

ابزار مدیریت زمانبندی: ابزاری که نام اجزای برنامه زمانبندی، تعاریف، روابط ساختاری و قالب هایی را ارائه می دهد که از کاربرد یک روش زمان بندی پشتیبانی می کند.

Scheduling Tool

Scope

The sum of the products, services, and results to be provided as a project. See also project scope and product scope.

محدوده: مجموع محصولات، خدمات و نتایجی که در یک پروژه ارائه/تدارک دیده می‌شود. همچنین به محدوده پروژه و محدوده محصول مراجعه کنید.

Scope Baseline

The approved version of a scope statement, work breakdown structure (WBS), and its associated WBS dictionary that can be changed using formal change control procedures and is used as the basis for comparison to actual results.

مبنای محدوده: نسخه تایید شده بیانیه محدوده، ساختار شکست کار (WBS)، و واژه نامه مرتبط با WBS که فقط با استفاده از روش‌های کنترل تغییر رسمی قابل تغییر بوده و مبنایی برای مقایسه با نتایج واقعی است.

Scope Baseline

Scope Creep

The uncontrolled expansion to product or project scope without adjustments to time, cost, and resources.

خزش محدوده: گسترش/افزایش کنترل نشده محدوده محصول یا پروژه بدون در نظر گرفتن اثرات زمان، هزینه و منابع آن و تطبیق/تعدیل آنها.


Scope Creep

Scope Management Plan

A component of the project or program management plan that describes how the scope will be defined, developed, monitored, controlled, and validated.

برنامه مديريت محدوده: بخشی از برنامه مدیریت پروژه یا طرح که نحوه تعریف، توسعه، نظارت، کنترل و اعتبارسنجی/صحه‌گذاری محدوده را توضیح می‌دهد.

Scope Model

A type of model that identifies the boundaries of the project, program, product, and/or system under analysis. A context diagram is one example of a scope model.

Scrum

An agile framework for developing and sustaining complex products, with specific roles, events, and artifacts

Scrumban

A management framework that emerges when teams employ Scrum as the chosen way of working and use the Kanban Method as a lens through which to view, understand, and continuously improve how they work

Scrum Board

An information radiator that is utilized to manage the product and sprint backlogs and show the flow of work and its bottlenecks.

Scrum Master

The coach of the development team and process owner in the Scrum framework. Removes obstacles, facilitates productive events and defends the team from disruptions. See also Flow Master.

Scrum of Scrums

A technique to operate Scrum at scale for multiple teams working on the same product, coordinating discussions of progress on their interdependencies, and focusing on how to integrate the delivery of software, especially in areas of overlap

Scrum Team

Describes the combination of development team, scrum master, and process owner used in Scrum

S-Curve

A graph that displays cumulative costs over a specified period of time.

نمودار S شکل: نموداری که هزینه‌های تجمعی را در یک دوره زمانی مشخص نشان می‌دهد.

S-Curve

Secondary Risk

A risk that arises as a direct result of implementing a risk response.

ریسک ثانویه: ریسکی که نتیجه مستقیم اجرای یک پاسخ ریسک است.

Secondary Reisk hand sanitizer side effect



Segment

A portion of a product that is to be delivered in an iteration, a sprint, or a release.

Select and Approve Requirements

The process of facilitating discussions with stakeholders to negotiate and confirm which requirements should be incorporated within an iteration, release, or project.

Self-Awareness

Being capable of identifying how one's actions are perceived by others. Self-awareness is also known as emotional intelligence.

Self-Organizing Team

A cross-functional team in which people assume leadership as needed to achieve the team's objectives.

تیم های خودگردان، خودسازمان‌ده: یک تیم فرابخشی/چند تخصصی که در آن افراد تیم به منظور دستیابی به اهداف تیم رهبری را به عهده می‌گیرند.

Self-Organizing Team

Seller

A provider or supplier of products, services, or results to an organization.

فروشنده، تأمین کننده، پیمانکار، مشاور: ارائه دهنده یا عرضه کننده یا تأمین کننده محصولات، خدمات یا نتایج به یک سازمان.

Seller Proposals

Formal responses from sellers to a request for proposal or other procurement document specifying the price, commercial terms of sale, and technical specifications or capabilities the seller will do for the requesting organization that, if accepted, would bind the seller to perform the resulting agreement.

پیشنهادهای فروشندگان/پیمانکاران، پروپوزال‌های فروشندگان/پیمانکاران: پاسخ‌های رسمی فروشندگان به درخواست پیشنهاد (RFP) یا سایر اسناد تدارکاتی که قیمت، شرایط تجاری فروش، و مشخصات فنی یا قابلیت‌هایی را که فروشنده/پیمانکار برای سازمان درخواست‌کننده/خریدار/کارفرما انجام می‌دهد، مشخص می‌کند و در صورت پذیرش، فروشنده/پیمانکار را ملزم به اجرای توافق حاصل می‌کند.

Sensitivity Analysis

An analysis method to determine which individual project risks or other sources of uncertainty have the most potential impact on project outcomes by correlating variations in project outcomes with variations in elements of a quantitative risk analysis model.

تحليل حساسيت: یک روش تحلیلی برای تعیین اینکه کدام یک از ریسک‌های مجزای پروژه یا سایر منابع عدم قطعیت، بیشترین تأثیر بالقوه را بر نتایج پروژه از طریق همبستگی تغییرات در نتایج پروژه با تغییرات در عناصر یک مدل تحلیل کمی ریسک دارند.

Sensitivity Analysis - Correlation

Sensitivity Analysis - Tornado Diagram

Sequence Activities

The process of identifying and documenting relationships among the project activities.

توالی فعاليت: فرآیند شناسایی و مستندسازی روابط بین فعالیت‌های پروژه.

Sequence Activities


Sequence Activities

Sequence Diagram

A modeling technique that describes how user or system processes interact with one another across any involved users or systems and the order in which the processes or steps are performed.

Servant Leadership

The practice of leading the team by focusing on understanding and addressing the needs and development of team members in order to enable the highest possible team performance.

رهبری خدمت‌گزار: شیوه رهبری تیم با تمرکز بر درک و رسیدگی به نیازها و توسعه اعضای تیم به منظور ایجاد بالاترین عملکرد ممکن تیم.

   

 

  

Service

The performance of duties or work for another party. A service is a type of product. See also product.

Service development

The process of creating, refining, and evolving PMO services to meet customer needs and organizational objectives

Service improvement

The process of enhancing the maturity and effectiveness of PMO services to increase their value and impact

Service-level agreement (SLA)

A formal agreement between the PMO and its customers defining the expected level of service

Service Level Agreement (SLA)

‌A contract between a service provider (either internal or external) and the end user that defines the level of service expected from the service provider.

توافقنامه ارائه خدمت: قراردادی بین یک ارائه دهنده خدمات (داخلی یا خارجی) و کاربر نهایی که سطح خدمات مورد انتظار از ارائه دهنده خدمات را مشخص می‌کند.

Service monitoring

The process of tracking, measuring, and evaluating PMO services against predetermined standards

Service onboarding

The process of introducing newly developed or improved PMO services to their intended users within the organization

Service operation

The day-to-day management and execution of PMO services to deliver value to customers

Service Request Manager

The person responsible for ordering service requests to maximize value in a continuous flow or Kanban environment. Equivalent to product owner.

SF

Start-to-Finish

Shared Product Information

Consists of the compilation of all the information discussed and shared across the product team during collaboration.

Siloed Organization

An organization structured in such a way that it only manages to contribute a subset of the aspects required for delivering value to customers. For contrast, see Value Stream.

Simulated Production Testing

Testing a solution in a separate environment that is production-like, reduced in size, and contains small representative, cohesive samples of any data that are part of that environment. Simulated production testing is performed so that adverse interactions with other products can be observed and addressed before a solution is released to production.

Simulation

An analytical method that models the combined effect of uncertainties to evaluate their potential impact on objectives.

شبیه سازی: یک روش تحلیلی که اثر ترکیبی عدم قطعیت‌ها را برای ارزیابی تأثیر بالقوه آنها بر اهداف، مدل می‌کند.

Single Loop Learning

The practice of attempting to solve problems by just using specific predefined methods, without challenging the methods in light of experience

Single-Point Estimating

An estimating method that involves using data to calculate a single value which reflects a best guess estimate.

برآورد تک نقطه‌ای: یک روش برآورد که از داده‌ها برای محاسبه یک مقدار واحد استفاده می‌کند و منعکس کننده بهترین حدس برآوردی است.

Situation

A condition that may be an internal problem or external opportunity that forms the basis of a business need and might result in a portfolio component, program, or project to address the condition.

Situation Statement

An objective statement of a problem or opportunity that includes the statement itself, the situation's effect on the organization, and the ultimate impact.

Slack

See total float (TF) and free float (FF).

SME

subject matter expert

Smoke Testing

The practice of using a lightweight set of tests to ensure that the most important functions of the system under development work as intended

Solution

Something that is produced to deliver measurable business value to meet the business need and expectations of stakeholders. It defines what a specific portfolio component, program, or project will deliver. A solution could be one or more new products, components of products, or enhancements or corrections to a product. See also product.

Solution Capability Matrix

A model that provides a simple, visual way to examine capabilities and solution components in one view.

Solution Design

Specifications and diagrams, typically based on business analysis findings, which describe how the solution will be implemented.

Solution Evaluation Approach

Describes when and how a solution will be evaluated, the types of metrics that will support evaluation, the feasibility of collecting and communicating the actual performance data for these metrics, and who is responsible for conducting the evaluation and communicating results.

Solution Evaluation Knowledge Area

Includes the processes for validating a full solution, or a segment of a solution, that is about to be, or has already been implemented to determine how well a solution meets the business needs and delivers value to the organization.

Solution Option

An approach for addressing a business need.

Solution Requirement

A requirement that describes the features, functions, and characteristics of a product, which will meet business and stakeholder requirements. Solution requirements are further grouped into functional and nonfunctional requirements.

Source Selection Criteria

A set of attributes desired by the buyer which a seller is required to meet or exceed to be selected for a contract.

معیارهای انتخاب منبع/پیمانکار: مجموعه ای از ویژگی‌های مورد نظر خریدار/کارفرما که به منظور انتخاب شدن برای یک قرارداد، فروشنده باید آنها را برآورده کند یا از آنها فراتر رود.

Source Selection Criteria

SOW

Sُtatement Of Work

Specialty Resource

An individual who plays a highly focused role within a portfolio, program, or project such as an architect or a release manager.

Specification

A precise statement of the needs to be satisfied and the essential characteristics that are required.

مشخصات: بیان دقیق نیازهایی که باید برآورده شوند به همراه خصوصیات اساسی‌ای که مورد نیاز هستند.

Specification

Specification by Example (SBE)

A collaborative approach to defining requirements and business-oriented functional tests for software products based on capturing and illustrating requirements using realistic examples instead of abstract statements

Specification Limits

The area, on either side of the centerline, or mean, of data plotted on a control chart that meets the customer’s requirements for a product or service. This area may be greater than or less than the area defined by the control limits. See also control limits.

حدود مشخصات فنی: ناحیه‌ای -در دو طرف خط مرکزی یا میانگین- از داده‌های ترسیم شده بر روی نمودار کنترلی که نیازهای مشتری را برای یک محصول یا خدمت برآورده می‌کند. این ناحیه ممکن است بزرگتر یا کمتر از مساحتی باشد که توسط حدود کنترلی تعریف شده است. حدود کنترل را نیز ببینید.

Control Charts

Specified Critical Path

The longest sequence of schedule activities in a project team member-specified schedule network path. See also critical path.

Speedboat

An elicitation technique that uses game play to elicit information about product features that stakeholders find problematic. See also collaborative games.

SPI

Schedule Performance Index

شاخص عملکرد زمانبندی

Spider Web

An elicitation technique that uses game play to discover unknown relationships between the product being analyzed and other products. See also collaborative games.

Spike

A short time interval within a project, usually of fixed length, during which a team conducts research or prototypes an aspect of a solution to prove its viability

SPIt

schedule performance index expressed in time

SPIw

schedule performance index expressed in work volume

Sponsor

A person or group who provides resources and support for the project, program, or portfolio and is accountable for enabling success.

حامی: شخص یا گروهی که منابع و پشتیبانی پروژه، طرح یا پورتفولیو را فراهم می‌کند و متولی کمک به کسب موفقیت است.

Sponsoring Organization

The entity responsible for providing the project’s sponsor and a conduit for project funding or other project resources.

سازمان حامی، سازمان سرمایه‌گذار: نهادی که مسئول تأمین حامی پروژه و مجرای تأمین مالی پروژه یا سایر منابع پروژه است.

Sprint

A short time interval within a project during which a usable and potentially releasable increment of the product is created. See also iteration.

اسپرینت، چرخه، تکرار، فاز کوتاه، دویدن با حداکثر سرعت: یک فاصله زمانی کوتاه در یک پروژه که در طی آن یک بخش قابل استفاده و بطور بالقوه قابل انتشار از محصول ایجاد می شود. به واژه تکرار مراجعه کنید.

Sprint

Sprint Backlog

A list of work items identified by the Scrum team to be completed during the Scrum sprint

Sprint Planning

A collaborative event in Scrum in which the Scrum team plans the work for the current sprint

SS

Start-to-Start

Stakeholder

An individual, group, or organization that may affect, be affected by or perceive itself to be affected by a decision, activity, or outcome of a project, program, or portfolio.

ذی‌نفع، ذینفع، هم‌وند، صاحب اثر: یک فرد، گروه یا سازمانی که ممکن است بر یک تصمیم، فعالیت، یا ثمره یک پروژه، طرح یا پورتفولیو تأثیر بگذارد، یا تحت تأثیر قرار گیرد یا خود را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد (یا فکر کند که از پروژه متأثر می شود).

Stakeholder Analysis

A method of systematically gathering and analyzing quantitative and qualitative information to determine whose interests should be taken into account throughout the project.

تحلیل ذینفعان: روشی برای جمع آوری و تجزیه و تحلیل سیستماتیک اطلاعات کمی و کیفی برای تعیین اینکه منافع چه کسی باید در طول پروژه در نظر گرفته شود.

Stakeholder Characteristics

The qualities and attributes of a stakeholder, which together determine aspects of how the stakeholder behaves.

Stakeholder Engagement

The means by which the portfolio manager supports the achievement of excellence in executing defined strategies through transparency, responsibility, accountability, and fairness when interacting with stakeholders.

Stakeholder Engagement and Communication Approach

Describes how best to effectively involve, interact, and communicate with stakeholders.

Stakeholder Engagement Assessment Matrix

A matrix that compares current and desired stakeholder engagement levels.

ماتریس ارزیابی مشارکت ذینفعان: ماتریسی که سطوح تعامل/مشارکت فعلی و مطلوب ذینفعان را مقایسه می‌کند.

Stakeholder Engagement Assessment Matrix

Stakeholder Engagement Knowledge Area

Includes the processes for identifying and analyzing those who have an interest in the outcome of the solution to determine how to collaborate and communicate with them.

Stakeholder Engagement Plan

A component of the project management plan that identifies the strategies and actions required to promote productive involvement of stakeholders in project or program decision making and execution.

برنامه مشارکت ذینفعان: بخشی از برنامه مدیریت پروژه که استراتژی‌ها و اقدامات مورد نیاز برای ارتقای مشارکت پربار ذینفعان در تصمیم‌گیری و اجرای پروژه یا طرح را مشخص می‌کند.

Stakeholder Groups

A collection of stakeholders who have similar likes, interests, and characteristics. Stakeholder groups are used to manage large groups of stakeholders.

Stakeholder Identification

The process of determining the stakeholders impacted by a business problem or opportunity.

Stakeholder Map

A technique used to visually analyze stakeholders and their relationship to each other and to the problem or opportunity under analysis.

Stakeholder Matrix

A technique that uses a quadrant or matrix to analyze a set of stakeholders.

Stakeholder Performance Domain

The performance domain that addresses activities and functions associated with stakeholders.

حوزه عملکردی ذینفعان: حوزه عملکردی که به فعالیت‌ها و عملکردهای مرتبط با ذینفعان می‌پردازد.

Stakeholder Register

A project document that includes information about project stakeholders including an assessment and classification of project stakeholders.

فهرست ذینفعان: یک سند پروژه که شامل اطلاعات مربوط به ذینفعان پروژه از جمله اطلاعات ارزیابی و طبقه‌بندی آنها است.

Stakeholder Register

Stakeholder Requirement

A requirement that describes the needs of a stakeholder or stakeholder group.

Standard

A document established by an authority, custom, or general consent as a model or example.

استاندارد: سندی که توسط یک مقام قانونی، عرف یا رضایت عمومی به عنوان مدل یا نمونه ایجاد شده است.

Start Date

A point in time associated with a schedule activity’s start, usually qualified by one of the following: actual, planned, estimated, scheduled, early, late, target, baseline, or current.

تاريخ شروع: یک نقطه از زمان مرتبط با شروع یک فعالیت، که معمولاً با یکی از این موارد همراه است: واقعی، برنامه‌ریزی شده، تخمینی، برنامه‌ریزی‌شده، زودهنگام، دیرهنگام، هدف، مبنا، یا فعلی.

Start Date

Start Not Earlier Than

A schedule constraint placed on the schedule activity that affects when a schedule activity can be scheduled and is usually in the form of a fixed imposed date.

Start Not Later Than

A schedule constraint placed on the schedule activity that affects when a schedule activity can be scheduled and is usually in the form of a fixed imposed date.

Start On

A schedule constraint placed on the schedule activity that affects when a schedule activity can be scheduled and is usually in the form of a fixed imposed date.

Start-to-Finish

A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot finish until a predecessor activity has started. See also finish-to-finish, finish-to-start, start-to-start, and logical relationship.

Start-to-Finish (SF)

A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot finish until a predecessor activity has started.

شروع به پايان:  یک رابطه منطقی که در آن فعالیت پس‌نیاز نمی‌تواند به پایان برسد تا زمانی که فعالیت پیش‌نیاز شروع نشده باشد.

Start-to-Finish

Start-to-Start

A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot start until a predecessor activity has started. See also finish-to-finish, finish-to-start, start-to-start, and logical relationship.

Start-to-Start (SS)

A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot start until a predecessor activity has started.

شروع به شروع: یک رابطه منطقی که در آن فعالیت پس‌نیاز نمی تواند شروع شود تا زمانی که فعالیت پیش‌نیاز شروع شود.

Start-to-Start

State Diagram

A data model used to show the valid states of an object and allowed transitions between them. Unlike state tables, which systematically consider and model all possible transitions, state diagrams model only the valid transitions of an object.

Statement of Work (SOW)

A narrative description of products, services, or results to be delivered by the project.

بيانيه کار، شرح كار: شرح روایی محصولات، خدمات یا نتایجی که قرار است توسط پروژه ارائه شود.

Statement of Work (SOW)

State Table

A data model used to show the valid states of an object and allowed transitions between them. All states are modeled as both a column and row in a table and systemic consideration is given to determine whether each potential state transition is permitted.

Statistical Sampling

Choosing a part of a population of interest for inspection.

نمونه برداری آماری: انتخاب بخشی از جمعیت مورد نظر برای بازرسی.

Statistical Sampling

Status Date

A term whose meaning for status-data reporting varies by the brand of project management software used for scheduling, where in some systems the status date is included in the past and in some systems the status date is in the future. See also data date or time-now date.

Status Meeting

A regularly scheduled meeting to exchange and analyze information about the current progress of the project and its performance.

جلسه بررسی وضعیت پروژه: یک جلسه منظم برای تبادل و تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات در مورد پیشرفت فعلی پروژه و عملکرد آن.

Status Meeting

Status Report

A report on the current status of the project.

گزارش وضعیت: گزارشی از وضعیت فعلی پروژه

Status Report

Steering Committee

An advisory body of senior stakeholders who provide direction and support for the project team and make decisions outside the project team's authority.

کمیته راهبری: هیئت/کمیته مشاوره‌ای متشکل از ذینفعان ارشد که جهت دهی، هدایت و پشتیبانی تیم پروژه را فراهم می‌کنند و تصمیماتی را که خارج از اختیارات تیم پروژه است را اتخاذ می کنند.

Steering Committee

Storyboarding

A prototyping technique that shows sequence or navigation through a series of images or illustrations. See also prototyping.

Story Elaboration

The process by which user stories are supplemented with additional information from conversations with business stakeholders until they are sufficiently detailed for product development to begin work.

Story Map

A visual model of all the features and functionality desired for a given product, created to give the team a holistic view of what they are building and why.

نقشه داستان: یک مدل بصری از تمام ویژگی‌ها و عملکردهای مورد نظر برای یک محصول خاص که ایجاد شده تا به تیم یک دید کلی از آنچه که در حال ساختن و چرایی آن هستند، ارائه دهد.

User Story Map

Story Mapping

A technique used to sequence user stories, based upon their business value and the order in which their users typically perform them, so that teams can arrive at a shared understanding of what will be built.

Story Point

A unit-less measure used in relative user story estimation techniques.

Story Point

A unit used to estimate the relative level of effort needed to implement a user story.

امتیاز روایت کاربر، امتیاز داستان، امتیاز، نمره: واحدی که برای تخمین میزان نسبی تلاش مورد نیاز برای اجرای یک داستان/روایت کاربر استفاده می‌شود.

Story Point

Story Points

A unit used to estimate the relative level of effort needed to implement a user story.

Story Slicing

A technique to split epics or user stories from a higher level to a lower level.

Strategic Alignment

The process of evaluating new or changing strategic objectives and goals to determine where, if any, gaps may exist in the portfolio and adjusting accordingly.

Strategic Change

Any change in the strategic intentions and plans of an organization that can impact the contents of component definition, categories, filters, key indicators, and other decision-making parameters used for portfolio management.

Strategic Initiatives

Programs and projects implemented to achieve a defined future state.

Strategic Plan

A high-level document that explains an organization's vision and mission plus the approach that will be adopted to achieve this mission and vision, including the specific goals and objectives to be achieved during the period covered by the document.

برنامه استراتژیک، برنامه بلند مدت: سندی سطح بالا که چشم انداز و مأموریت یک سازمان را به اضافه رویکردی که برای دستیابی به این مأموریت و چشم انداز اتخاذ می‌شود، تشریح می کند. همچنین شامل اهداف خاص بلند مدت و کوتاه مدتی است که باید در طول دوره تحت پوشش این سند تحقق یابد.


Strategy and Objectives

The definition of an organization's intended achievements in terms of business results interpreted from various perspectives; financial, customer, infrastructure, products and services, or by cultural outcomes that are measurable.

Strategy Artifacts

Documents created prior to or at the start of the project that address strategic, business, or high-level information about the project.

اسناد استراتژیک: اسنادی که قبل یا در شروع پروژه ایجاد شده‌اند و به اطلاعات استراتژیک، تجاری یا سطح بالا در مورد پروژه می‌پردازند.

Subject Matter Expert (SME)

A person who is considered an expert in a particular subject area. Success Criteria. Measures that can be used to determine solution success.

Subnetwork

A subdivision (fragment) of a project schedule network diagram, usually representing a subproject or a work package. See also summary activity.

Subphase

A subdivision of a phase.

Subproject

A smaller portion of the overall project created when a project is subdivided into more manageable components or pieces. See also summary activity.

Subsidiary Portfolio

A collection of components which includes programs, projects, and other work grouped together within a larger portfolio.

Successor

See successor activity.

Successor Activity

A dependent activity that logically comes after another activity in a schedule.

فعاليت پس‌نياز، فعالیت پسین: یک فعالیت وابسته که به طور منطقی پس از یک فعالیت دیگر در یک برنامه زمانبندی می‌آید.

Successor Activity

Summary Activity

A group of related schedule activities aggregated and displayed as a single activity.

خلاصه فعالیت، فعالیت کلان: گروهی از فعالیت‌های زمان‌بندی مرتبط که جمع‌آوری شده و به‌عنوان یک فعالیت واحد نمایش داده می‌شوند.

Summary Activity

Summary-Level budget

A time-phased budget for far-term work that is yet to mature to a level that can be reasonably planned and allocated to control accounts.

Supply and demand Allocation

The effective utilization of organizational resources based on decision criteria in an effort to balance supply against portfolio demand.

Supply and demand Analysis

The evaluation of human, financial, assets, and intellectual capital capacity and capability accessible in order to select, fund, and execute portfolio components.

Supply and demand Management

The balancing of the portfolio components' need for resources (demand) against the available resources (supply) such that neither exceeds the other.

Supply and demand Optimization

The ongoing measurement and monitoring of resources for needed course corrections and adjustments during portfolio execution.

Supportability

The ease at which a solution can be maintained and managed by the organization over time, including the cost and level of effort.

Support Charter Development

The process of collaborating on charter development with the sponsoring entity and stakeholder resources using the business analysis knowledge, experience, and product information acquired during needs assessment and business case development efforts.

Surveys

See questionnaire and survey.

SV

Schedule Variance

Swarm

A method in which multiple team members focus collectively on resolving a specific problem or task.

فوج، بسیج، توده، ازدحام، هجوم: روشی که در آن چندین عضو تیم به طور جمعی بر حل یک مشکل یا کار خاص تمرکز می‌کنند.

Swarm

Swarming

A technique in which multiple team members focus collectively on resolving a specific impediment

SWOT

Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats

SWOT Analysis

Analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of an organization, project, or option.

تحليل نقاط قوت، ضعف، فرصت‌ها و تهديدها: تجزیه و تحلیل نقاط قوت، ضعف، فرصت‌ها و تهدیدهای یک سازمان، پروژه یا یک راهکار.

SWOT

SysML

system modeling language

System

A collection of various components that together can produce results not obtainable by the individual components alone. See also organizational system.

System Interface Table

A model that depicts the requirements for the connections between interfacing systems, including how they are connected and what information flows between them.

Systems Thinking

The ability to analyze from both a holistic and detailed point of view. When applied at an organizational level, the organization is viewed as a system comprised of component parts made up of people, processes, and tools.

T

Tacit Knowledge

Personal knowledge that can be difficult to articulate and share such as beliefs, experience, and insights.

دانش پنهان: دانش شخصی که بیان و به اشتراک گذاری آن دشوار است، مانند باورها، تجربه‌ها و بینش‌ها.

Knowledge Explicit Tacit

Tailoring

The deliberate adaptation of approach, governance, and processes to make them more suitable for the given environment and the work at hand.

متناسب سازی، سفارشی سازی، اختصاصی سازی: انطباق عمدی رویکرد، حکمرانی و فرآیندها برای مناسب‌تر کردن آنها برای محیطی معین و کار در دست انجام.

Tailoring

Target Schedule

A schedule adopted for comparison purposes during schedule network analysis, which can be different from the baseline schedule. See also baseline.

Task

A term for work whose meaning and placement within a structured plan for project work varies by the application area, industry, and brand of project management software.

Task Board

A visual representation of the progress of the planned work that allows everyone to see the status of the tasks. AKA Scrum Board.

برد فعالیت، تخته فعالیت: یک نمایش تصویری از پیشرفت کار برنامه‌ریزی شده که به همه امکان می‌دهد وضعیت فعالیت‌ها را ببینند. همچنین به آن اسکرام بورد (تحته اسکرام) نیز گفته می‌شود.

Task Board, Scrum Board

TCPI

to-complete cost performance index

Team and Subject Matter Expert Knowledge

Knowledge that is usually not fully and formally documented but instead resides in the minds of individuals or groups.

Team Charter

A document that records the team values, agreements, and operating guidelines, as well as establishes clear expectations regarding acceptable behavior by project team members.

منشور تیم: سندی که ارزش‌های تیم، توافق‌نامه‌ها و خطوط راهنمای اجرایی را ثبت کرده و همچنین انتظارات روشنی را در مورد رفتار قابل قبول اعضای تیم پروژه تدوین می‌کند.

Team Management Plan

A component of the resource management plan that describes when and how team members will be acquired and how long they will be needed.

برنامه مدیریت تیم: بخشی از برنامه مدیریت منابع است که توصیف می‌کند چه زمانی و چگونه اعضای تیم جذب شده و چه مدت به آنها نیاز خواهیم داشت.

Team Members

See project team members.

Team Performance Domain

The performance domain that addresses activities and functions associated with the people who are responsible for producing project deliverables that realize business outcomes.

حوزه عملکردی تیم: حوزه عملکردی که به فعالیت‌ها و کارکردهای مرتبط با افرادی می‌پردازد که مسئول تولید دستاوردهای/تحویل‌دادنی‌های پروژه هستند که نتایج کسب و کار را تحقق بخشند.

Technical Debt

The deferred cost of work not done at an earlier point in the product life cycle

Technical Performance Measures

Quantifiable measures of technical performance that are used to ensure system components meet the technical requirements.

شاخص‌های عملکردی فنی: شاخص‌های قابل سنجش عملکرد فنی که برای اطمینان از مطابقت اجزای سیستم با الزامات فنی استفاده می‌شود.

Technique

A defined systematic procedure employed by a human resource to perform an activity to produce a product or result or deliver a service, and that may employ one or more tools.

تکنیک: یک رویه سیستماتیک تعریف شده که توسط منابع انسانی برای انجام فعالیتی برای تولید محصول یا نتیجه یا ارائه خدمت به کار می رود و ممکن است از یک یا چند ابزار استفاده کند.

ITTO Inputs Tools and Techniques Outputs

Technology Feasibility

An analysis to determine the extent to which a technology exists in an organization to support a potential solution and, if not present, how feasible it would be to acquire and operate the needed technology.

Template

A partially complete document in a predefined format that provides a defined structure for collecting, organizing, and presenting information and data.

الگو، نمونه‌: یک سند نیمه کامل در قالبی از پیش تعریف شده که ساختاری تعریف شده برای جمع آوری، سازماندهی و ارائه اطلاعات و داده‌ها ارائه می‌دهد.

Templates

A partially completed document in a predefined format that provides a defined structure for collecting, organizing, and presenting information and data.

Test and Evaluation Documents

Project documents that describe the activities used to determine if the product meets the quality objectives stated in the quality management plan.

اسناد تست و ارزیابی: از اسناد پروژه که فعالیت‌های مورد استفاده برای تعیین اینکه آیا محصول با اهداف کیفیت مندرج در برنامه مدیریت کیفیت مطابقت دارد یا خیر را توصیف می‌کند.

Test-Driven Development

A 'test-first' approach that defines requirements in terms of test cases and then constructs a solution which can pass the tests. See also behavior-driven development (BDD).

Test-Driven Development

A technique where tests are defined before work is begun, so that work in progress is validated continuously, enabling work with a zero defect mindset

Test Plan

A document describing deliverables that will be tested, tests that will be conducted, and the processes that will be used in testing.

برنامه تست: سندی که دستاوردها/تحویل ‌دادنی‌هایی را که قرار است آزمایش شوند، آزمایش‌هایی که قرار است انجام شوند و فرآیندهایی که در آزمایش استفاده خواهند شد را توصیف می‌کند.

TF

total float

Threat

A risk that would have a negative effect on one or more project objectives.

تهديد: ریسکی که بر یک یا چند هدف پروژه اثر منفی می‌گذارد.

Three-Point Estimating

A technique used to estimate cost or duration by applying an average or weighted average of optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely estimates when there is uncertainty with the individual activity estimates.

برآورد سه نقطه‌ای: تکنیکی برای تخمین هزینه یا مدت زمان است که در مواقع عدم قطعیت با استفاده از میانگین یا میانگین موزون تخمین‌های خوش‌بینانه، بدبینانه و محتمل، تخمینی برای یک فعالیت ارائه می‌دهد.


Three-Point Estimating Multipoint Estimating

Three Point Estimating Multipoint Estimating



Threshold

A predetermined value of a measurable project variable that represents a limit that requires action to be taken if it is reached.

آستانه: یک مقدار از پیش تعیین شده از یک متغیر قابل اندازه گیری پروژه که نشان‌دهنده حدی است که در صورت رسیدن به آن نیاز به اقدامی است.

Threshold

Throughput

The number of items passing through a process.

خروجی، میزان خروجی: تعداد اقلامی/مواردی که از یک فرآیند عبور می‌کنند (تعداد خروجی‌های یک فرآیند).

Throughput Chart

A diagram that shows the accepted deliverables over time.

نمودار خروجی، نمودار میزان خروجی: نموداری که دستاوردهای/تحویل‌دادنی‌های پذیرفته شده را در طول زمان نشان می‌دهد.

Throughput Chart

Time and Materials Contract (T&M)

A type of contract that is a hybrid contractual arrangement containing aspects of both cost-reimbursable and fixed-price contracts.

قرارداد مواد و زمان، حق العمل کاری، فهرست بهایی: نوعی قرارداد ترکیبی است که شامل جنبه‌هایی از قراردادهای بازپرداخت هزینه و قیمت ثابت است.

Time-bound

Having a limit or constraint that is based on a point in time.

Timebox

A short, fixed period of time in which work is to be completed.

محدوه زمانی، قید زمانی: یک دوره زمانی کوتاه و ثابت که در آن کار باید تکمیل شود.

Timeboxing

An estimation or planning technique that can be used during prioritization by setting a strict time limit and prioritizing only the work the team can complete in that duration of time.

Time Feasibility

An analysis to determine how well a proposed solution can be delivered to meet the organization's needed timeframe.

Time Management

The ability to stay organized, be productive, estimate and sequence work, and plan effectively.

Time Now Date

See data date.

Timescale

A graduated marking of linear time, which displays time in specific units such as hours, days, weeks, months, quarters, or years. Timescales can show more than one unit of time. Usually shown above or below the data components within a document or electronic graphical display.

T&M

Time and Material contract

To-Complete Cost Performance Index (TCPI)

A measure of the cost performance that must be achieved with the remaining resources in order to meet a specified management goal, such as the EAC or the BAC, expressed as: TCPI = (BAC - EV) / (EAC - AC).

To-Complete Performance Index (TCPI)

A measure of the cost performance that is required to be achieved with the remaining resources in order to meet a specified management goal, expressed as the ratio of the cost to finish the outstanding work to the remaining budget.

شاخص عملكرد هزینه از این پس، شاخص عملکرد هزینه تا تكميل: شاخص عملکرد هزینه‌ای که لازم است تا با منابع باقیمانده به منظور تحقق یک هدف مدیریتی مشخص به آن دست یابیم، که به صورت نسبت هزینه برای اتمام کار باقیمانده به بودجه باقی مانده بیان می شود.

TCPI


پادکست مفهوم شاخص CPI و TCPI و تفاوت آنها چیست؟

در این پادکست، دکتر علی واحدی دیز به تشریح مفهوم "شاخص عملکرد هزینه" یا CPI و همچنین "شاخص عملکرد هزینه از این پس" یا TCPI می‌پردازد. محاسبه و مقایسه این دو شاخص در طول پروژه می‌تواند به ما بگوید که آیا تحقق اهداف بودجه‌ای پروژه میسر می‌باشد یا خیر. ممنون از اینکه همراه ما هستید و ما را از سوالات و نظرات خود آگاه می‌کنید.





To-Complete Schedule Performance Index (TSPI)

The calculated projection of schedule performance that must be achieved on remaining work to meet a specified goal, such as the EAC , expressed as TSPI = (AC - EV) / (AC - PV).

Tolerance

The quantified description of acceptable variation for a quality requirement.

تلرانس: توصیف کمی از تغییرات قابل قبول برای یک الزام کیفی.

Tool

Something tangible, such as a template or software program, used in performing an activity to produce a product or result.

ابزار: چیزی ملموس/مشهود، مانند یک الگو یا برنامه نرم‌افزاری که در انجام یک فعالیت برای تولید یک محصول یا نتیجه استفاده می‌شود.

ITTO Inputs Tools and Techniques Outputs

Tool Knowledge

In business analysis, represents the collective knowledge a practitioner possesses about the toolset they utilize to perform their work.

Tornado Diagram

A special type of bar chart used in sensitivity analysis for comparing the relative importance of the variables.

نمودار ترنادو: نوع خاصی از نمودار میله‌ای که در تحلیل حساسیت برای مقایسه اهمیت نسبی متغیرها استفاده می‌شود.

Tornado Diagram

Total Duration

See activity total duration and project total duration.

Total Float

The amount of time that a schedule activity can be delayed or extended from its early start date without delaying the project finish date or violating a schedule constraint.

شناوری كل: مدت زمانی است که یک فعالیت زمانبندی می‌تواند از تاریخ شروع اولیه خود به تعویق بیفتد یا تمدید شود، بدون اینکه تاریخ پایان پروژه به تأخیر بیفتد یا یک محدودیت زمانبندی را نقض کند.

CPM Float

Traceability

The ability to track information across the product life cycle by establishing linkages between objects.

Traceability and Monitoring Approach

Defines how the traceability and change management activities will be performed throughout the portfolio, program, project, or product.

Traceability and Monitoring Knowledge Area

Includes the processes for tracing, approving, and assessing changes to product information to manage it throughout the business analysis effort.

Traceability Matrix

See requirements traceability matrix.

Transition Plan

Defines the activities required to transition from the current to future state. Transition plans are developed from the results obtained from the readiness assessment and objectives as stated in the transition strategy. Encompasses actionable and testable transition requirements. See also readiness assessment.

Transition Requirement

A requirement that is a temporary capability, such as data conversion and training requirements, needed to transition from the current as-is state to the future state.

Transition Strategy

A guiding framework for conducting activities that are needed to transition from a current state to a future state.

Trend Analysis

An analytical method that uses mathematical models to forecast future outcomes based on historical results.

تحليل روند: یک روش تحلیلی که از مدل‌های ریاضی برای پیش بینی نتایج آینده بر اساس سوابق گذشته استفاده می‌کند.

Trend Analysis

Trigger

As an act or event, anything that serves as a stimulus and initiates or precipitates a reaction or series of reactions. Within the context of risk, a trigger is an event or situation that indicates that a risk is about to occur.

Trigger Condition

An event or situation that indicates that a risk is about to occur.

نشانه‌ها: رویداد یا موقعیتی که نشان می‌دهد ریسکی در شرف وقوع است.

Triple Bottom Line

A framework for considering the full cost of doing business by evaluating a company's bottom line from the perspective of profit, people, and the planet.

ارکان سه گانه توسعه پایدار، ارکان سه گانۀ بنیادی: چارچوبی برای در نظر گرفتن هزینه کامل انجام کسب و کار با ارزیابی عایدی نهایی شرکت از منظر سود، مردم/جامعه و کره زمین (سیاره یا محیط زیست).

Triple Bottom Line

Trusted Advisor

A personal characteristic that signifies a person is trustworthy, competent, reliable, and held in high regard by others.

T-shaped

Refers to a person with one deep area of specialization and broad ability in the rest of the skills required by the team. See also I-Shaped and Broken Comb.

TSPI

to-complete schedule performance index

U

UB

undistributed budget

UI

user interface

UML

unified modeling language

Unanimity

Agreement by everyone in the group on a single course of action.

اجماع، اتفاق آرا، توافق همه: توافق همه افراد گروه در مورد یک اقدام یا موضوع واحد.

Uncertainty

A lack of understanding and awareness of issues, events, path to follow, or solutions to pursue.

عدم قطعیت: عدم درک و آگاهی از مسائل، رویدادها، مسیری که باید دنبال شود یا راه حل هایی که باید دنبال شود.

Uncertainty Domain

The performance domain that addresses activities and functions associated with risk and uncertainty.

حوزه عملکردی عدم قطعیت: حوزه عملکردی که به فعالیت‌ها و کارکردهای مرتبط با ریسک و عدم قطعیت می‌پردازد.

Unconfirmed Elicitation Result

The business analysis information obtained from completed elicitation activities. Elicitation results that are unconfirmed have not been agreed upon and validated for accuracy by the product team.

Undistributed budget (UB)

The budget for project scope that has not yet been identified to work breakdown structure (WBS) elements and, below those, to control accounts. This budget has yet to be distributed to a responsible control account manager for detailed planning and time phasing.

Unit of Measure

A designation of the type of quantity being measured, such as work hours, cubic yards, or lines of code.

Update

A modification to any deliverable, project management plan component, or project document that is not under formal change control.

به روزرسانی: اصلاح یا تغییری در هر دستاورد، اجزای برنامه مدیریت پروژه، یا اسناد پروژه که تحت کنترل رسمی تغییر نباشد.

Use Case

An artifact for describing and exploring how a user interacts with a system to achieve a specific goal.

مورد کاربری: سندی برای توصیف و تشریح نحوه تعامل کاربر با یک سیستم برای رسیدن به یک هدف خاص.

Use Case

Use Case Diagram

A business analysis model that shows all of the in-scope use cases for a solution and which actors have a part in those use cases.

User

A type of stakeholder or actor who will use the product.

User Class

A group of stakeholders who are users of a product and are grouped together due to the similarity in their requirements and use of the product.

User Experience Analyst

Also referred to as user interface analysts; individuals who are responsible for studying user behavior, preferences, and constraints to identify user interface and usability requirements for software applications and other products.

User Interface Analyst

See user experience analyst.

User Interface Design

The art and science of creating a user interface that meets users' interface requirements while exploiting the features of and staying within the constraints of overall organizational best practices related to how humans interact with the chosen type of interface.

User Interface Flow

A business analysis model that shows the specific pages or screens of an application and how a user can navigate between them.

User Interface (UI)

Anything that supports the interaction between a person and service that is provided to that person. Typically used to reference web pages, smartphone displays, and screen front-ends, but also applies more broadly to anything that is the intermediary between a person and whatever provides the service, such as the push buttons on a landline telephone or the cruise control buttons on a car steering wheel.

User Story

A brief description of an outcome for a specific user, which is a promise for a conversation to clarify details.

روایت کاربر، داستان کاربر: شرح مختصری از یک نتیجه برای یک کاربر خاص، که قولی/عهدی برای گفتگو برای روشن شدن جزئیات است.

Epic Feature User Story

User Story Card Template

User Story Mapping

A visual practice for organizing work into a useful model to help understand the sets of high-value features to be created over time, identify omissions in the backlog, and effectively plan releases that deliver value to users.

UX Design

The process of enhancing the user experience by focusing on improving the usability and accessibility to be found in the interaction between the user and the product.

V

VAC

Variance At Completion

Validated Requirements and Other Product Information

Product information that the stakeholders agree meet the business goals and objectives. See also product information.

Validate Requirements

The process of checking that the requirements meet business goals and objectives.

Validate Scope

The process of formalizing acceptance of the completed project deliverables.

تأیید محدوده، صحه‌گذاری محدوده: فرآیند رسمی کردن پذیرش دستاوردهای/تحویل‌دادنی‌های تکمیل شده پروژه.

Scope

پادکست کنترل محدوده و صحه‌گذاری محدوده (Control Scope Vs. Validate Scope)

در این پادکست قصد داریم درباره تفاوت دو واژه کنترل محدوده و صحه‌گذاری محدوده صحبت کنیم. این پادکست برای افرادی که در حوزه مدیریت پروژه فعالیت دارند و یا افرادی که قصد دارند برای آزمون مدیریت پروژه حرفه ای اقدام کنند، مفید خواهد بود.


Validation

The assurance that a product, service, or result meets the needs of the customer and other identified stakeholders. See also verification.

اعتبار سنجی، صحه گذاری: اطمینان از اینکه یک محصول، خدمت یا نتیجه نیازهای مشتری و سایر ذینفعان شناسایی شده را برآورده می‌کند. واژه تأیید/تصدیق را نیز ببینید.

Valuation Technique

A technique used to quantify the return or value that an option will provide. Valuation techniques are utilized when conducting a cost-benefit analysis to establish criteria for objectively assessing a solution.

Value

The worth, importance, or usefulness of something.

ارزش: ارزش، اهمیت یا مفید بودن چیزی.

Value delivery

The process of realizing and demonstrating the tangible benefits that PMO services provide to the organization

Value Delivery Office (VDO)

A project delivery support structure that focuses on coaching teams; building agile skills and capabilities throughout the organization; and mentoring sponsors and product owners to be more effective in those roles.

دفتر تحویل ارزش: ساختار پشتیبانی اجرای پروژه که بر مربیگری تیم‌ها؛ ایجاد مهارت‌ها و قابلیت‌های چابک در سراسر سازمان؛ و راهنمایی حامیان و صاحبان محصول برای موثرتر بودن در نقش‌هایشان متمرکز است.

Value Delivery System

A collection of strategic business activities aimed at building, sustaining, and/or advancing an organization.

سیستم تحویل ارزش، سیستم خلق ارزش، سامانه خلق ارزش: مجموعه‌ای از فعالیت‌های تجاری استراتژیک با هدف ایجاد، حفظ و/یا پیشرفت یک سازمان.

Value-generating PMO flywheel

A model that breaks down the PMO customer experience cycle into 10 actionable steps

Value Management

Ensuring the realization of the intended value of the portfolio through its components in alignment with an organization's strategy.

Value Proposition

The value of a product or service that an organization communicates to its customers.

ارزش پیشنهادی (به مشتری): ارزش یک محصول یا خدمت که یک سازمان به مشتریان خود ارائه می‌دهد.

Value Proposition

Value Proposition

Value recognition

The process of ensuring that customers not only receive value from PMO services but also acknowledge and appreciate it

Value Stream

An organizational construct that focuses on the flow of value to customers through the delivery of specific products or services

Value Stream Map

A display of the critical steps in a process and the time taken in each step used to identify waste.

نقشه جریان ارزش: نمایش مراحل حیاتی یک فرآیند و زمان صرف شده در هر مرحله که برای شناسایی اتلاف‌ها استفاده می‌شود.

Value Stream Mapping

Value Stream Mapping

A lean enterprise technique used to document, analyze, and improve the flow of information or materials required to produce a product or service for a customer.

Value Stream Mapping

A lean enterprise method used to document, analyze, and improve the flow of information or materials required to produce a product or service for a customer.

نقشه کشی جریان ارزش، نگاشت جریان ارزش: یک روش سازمانی ناب که برای مستندسازی، تجزیه و تحلیل و بهبود جریان اطلاعات یا مواد مورد نیاز برای تولید یک محصول یا خدمت برای مشتری استفاده می‌شود.

Value Stream Mapping

Vanity Metric

A measure that appears to show some result but does not provide useful information for making decisions.

شاخص بیهوده، شاخص پوچ، شاخص بی‌ارزش: شاخصی که به نظر می‌رسد نتایجی را نشان می‌دهد اما اطلاعات مفیدی برای تصمیم‌گیری ارائه نمی‌دهد.

Variance

A quantifiable deviation, departure, or divergence away from a known baseline or expected value.

انحراف: یک انحراف، افتراق، یا واگرایی قابل سنجش نسبت به ارزش مبنا یا مورد انتظار مشخص.

Variance Analysis

A method for determining the cause and degree of difference between the baseline and actual performance.

تحليل انحراف: روشی برای تعیین علت و میزان درجه تفاوت بین برنامه مبنا و عملکرد واقعی.

Variance at Completion (VAC)

A projection of the amount of budget deficit or surplus, expressed as the difference between the budget at completion and the estimate at completion.

(پیش بینی) انحراف پایانی پروژه: پیش بینی مقدار کسری یا مازاد بودجه که به صورت تفاوت بین بودجه تکمیل پروژه (BAC) و پیش بینی بودجه تکمیل پروژه (EAC) بیان می‌شود.

Variance at Completion (VAC)

Variance Threshold

A predetermined range of normal outcomes that is determined during the planning process and sets the boundaries within which the team practices management by exception.

Variation

An actual condition that is different from the expected condition that is contained in the baseline plan.

تغییر، اختلاف: وضعیتی واقعی که با شرایط مورد انتظاری که در برنامه مبنا وجود داشته، متفاوت است.

VCS

version control system

Velocity

A measure of a team's productivity rate at which the deliverables are produced, validated, and accepted within a predefined interval.

سرعت، سرعت انجام کار: اندازه‌گیری نرخ بهره‌وری یک تیم که براساس دستاوردهایی که در یک بازه زمانی از پیش تعریف شده تولید، تایید و پذیرفته می‌شوند.

velocity

Velocity Chart

A chart that tracks the rate at which the deliverables are produced, validated and accepted within a predefined interval.

نمودار سرعت: نموداری که نرخ تولید، تایید و پذیرش دستاوردها را در یک بازه زمانی از پیش تعریف شده پایش می‌کند.

Velocity Chart

Vendor Assessment

An evaluation of vendors and their products or services offered to understand the viability, strengths, weaknesses, and risks of each vendor solution.

Verification

The evaluation of whether or not a product, service, or result complies with a regulation, requirement, specification, or imposed condition. See also validation.

تأیید، تصدیق: ارزیابی اینکه آیا یک محصول، خدمت یا نتیجه با مقررات، الزامات، مشخصات یا شرایط تحمیلی مطابقت دارد یا خیر. اعتبارسنجی را نیز ببینید.

Verified Deliverables

Completed project deliverables that have been checked and confirmed for correctness through the Control Quality process.

دستاوردهای تأیید شده: دستاوردها/تحویل‌دادنی‌های تکمیل شده پروژه که از طریق فرآیند کنترل کیفیت بررسی و درستی/صحت آنها تأیید شده است.

Verified Requirements and Other Product Information

Product information that has been evaluated to assure it is free from errors and addresses the quality standards to which the information will be held. See also product information.

Verify Requirements

The process of checking that requirements are of sufficient quality.

Version Control

The process of maintaining a history of changes on software or documentation.

Version Control System (VCS)

A system that is used to track the history of revisions, often but not always related to software.

Viable Design Option

A design option that has been reviewed by stakeholders and determined to be a feasible means for achieving the business goals and objectives.

Virtual Open Ends

A condition that can occur when proper logical relationships are missing or when progress is reported on an activity that results in the activity no longer having any driving relationship. It reacts as if it has no predecessor or successor.

Virtual Team

A group of people with a shared goal who work in different locations and who engage with each other primarily through phone and other electronic communications.

تيم مجازی، تیم دورکار: گروهی از افراد با یک هدف مشترک که در مکان‌های مختلف کار می‌کنند و عمدتاً از طریق تلفن و سایر ارتباطات الکترونیکی با یکدیگر در ارتباط هستند.

Vision

The description of where an organization sees itself as a result of the chosen strategy.

Vision Statement

A summarized, high-level description about the expectations for a product such as target market, users, major benefits, and what differentiates the product from others in the market.

بیانیه چشم انداز: شرح خلاصه و کلان درباره انتظارات از یک محصول مانند بازار هدف، کاربران، مزایای عمده و آنچه محصول را از سایرین در بازار متمایز می‌کند.

Vision Statement

Visual Communication Skill

The ability to communicate through the use of models and visual representations and knowing when best to use these representations over the spoken or written words.

Visual Data and Information

Artifacts that organize and present data and information in a visual format, such as charts, graphs, matrices, and diagrams.

داده‌ها و اطلاعات تصویری: اسناد/مصنوعاتی که داده‌ها و اطلاعات را در قالب تصویری/بصری، مانند نمودارها، گراف‌ها، ماتریس‌ها و دیاگرام‌ها سازماندهی و  ارائه می‌کنند.

Visual Data and Information

Voice of the Customer

A planning method used to provide products, services, and results that truly reflect customer requirements by translating those customer requirements into the appropriate technical requirements for each phase of project or product development.

صداي مشتری: یک روش برنامه‌ریزی که برای ارائه محصولات، خدمات و نتایجی استفاده می‌شود که واقعاً نیازهای مشتری را با ترجمه آن نیازهای مشتری به الزامات فنی مناسب برای هر مرحله از پروژه یا توسعه محصول منعکس می‌کند.

Voice of the Customer

Volatility

The possibility for rapid and unpredictable change.

بی‌ثباتی، نوسان: امکان تغییر سریع و غیرقابل پیش‌بینی.

Volatility

W

Walking Skeleton

A foundational part of a story map representing the full set of end-to-end functionality that the stakeholders require for the solution to be accepted or functional. This set of user stories is sometimes called the minimum marketable features. See also story mapping and minimum marketable features (MMF).

Walkthrough

A technique used to review or share a set of information with stakeholders to obtain feedback or approval. Requirements walkthroughs are used to review requirements and to receive confirmation that the requirements as stated are valid.

Warranty Period

An agreed-upon interval during which a solution released to production is maintained by the team that developed it before it is turned over to the business operational area which owns it.

Waste

Activities that consume resources and/or time without adding value.

ضایعات، اتلاف، زائد، باطله: فعالیت‌هایی که منابع و/یا زمان را بدون خلق ارزش افزوده مصرف می‌کنند.

Waterfall Approach

An example of predictive project life cycle.

WBS

Work Breakdown Structure

ساختار شکست کار

WBS Dictionary

A document that provides detailed deliverable, activity, and scheduling information about each component in the work breakdown structure.

واژه‌نامه ساختار شکست کار: سندی که اطلاعات دقیق دستاورد/تحویل دادنی، فعالیت و زمان‌بندی را برای هر یک از اجزای ساختار شکست کار ارائه می‌کند.

صذس ِهزفهخدشقغ

Weighted Criteria

Evaluation criteria that is adjusted by applying a multiplier to signify how important the criterion is to the decision-making process. Weighted criteria are used to evaluate the list of options participants are deciding upon when performing weighted ranking. See also weighted ranking.

Weighted Ranking

A technique to weight, rate, and score each criterion against a set of options used to add objectivity when formulating a decision or recommendation.

Weighted Ranking Matrix

A table used when performing the weighted ranking technique to weight, rate, and score each criteria against a set of options.

Weighted Shortest Job First (WSJF)

A method used primarily in adaptive frameworks to rank user stories based on more dimensions than just business value and effort. WSJF= (business value + time criticality + (risk reduction/ opportunity enablement))/effort.

What-If-Scenario Analysis

The process of evaluating scenarios in order to predict their effect on project objectives.

تحلیل چه می شود اگر: فرآیند ارزیابی سناریوها به منظور پیش‌بینی تأثیر آنها بر اهداف پروژه.

What-If-Scenario Analysis

Wideband Delphi

An estimating method in which subject matter experts go through multiple rounds of producing estimates individually, with a team discussion after each round, until a consensus is achieved.

دلفی توسعه یافته: یک روش برآورد است که در آن کارشناسان موضوع، دورهای متعددی از تولید تخمین‌ها را به‌صورت جداگانه، با بحث گروهی پس از هر دور، تا زمانی که به اجماع برسند، طی می‌کنند.


Wide-Band Delphi Technique

A variation of the Delphi technique which is sometimes used to bring convergence to widely differing estimates that have been developed separately for the same work item by a number of different individuals. For wide-band Delphi, those who created the highest and lowest estimates explain their rationale, following which everyone re-estimates. The process repeats until convergence is achieved. See also Delphi.

WIP

work in progress

Wireframe

A diagram that represents a static blueprint or schematic of a user interface and is used to identify basic functionality. See also prototyping.

Work

Sustained physical or mental effort, exertion, or exercise of skill to overcome obstacles and achieve an objective.

Workaround

A response to a negative risk that has occurred.

Work Breakdown Structure Component

An entry in the work breakdown structure that can be at any level.

جزء ساختار شكست كار: به هر یک از اجزای ساختار شکست کار گفته می شود که می تواند در هر سطحی باشد.

Work Breakdown Structure Identifier (WBS ID)

A short, unique numeric or text identification assigned to each WBS element or component to differentiate a particular WBS element from other WBS elements.

Work breakdown Structure (WBS)

A hierarchical decomposition of the total scope of work to be carried out by the project team to accomplish the project objectives and create the required deliverables.

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

A hierarchical decomposition of the total scope of work to be carried out by the project team to accomplish the project objectives and create the required deliverables.

ساختار شکست کار: تجزیه یا شکست سلسله مراتبی کل محدوده کارهایی که باید توسط تیم پروژه برای دستیابی به اهداف پروژه و ایجاد دستاوردها / تحویل دادنی‌های مورد نیاز انجام شود.

wbs

Work breakdown Structure (WBS) Dictionary

A document that provides detailed deliverable, activity, and schedule information about each component in the work breakdown structure.

Work Ethic

Being capable of completing tasks independently and being motivated and driven to do what needs to be done without being asked.

Work in Progress Limit

An agreed-upon maximum number of product backlog items that can be in a given state of the development workflow at the same time within the same project. Commonly referred to as WIP Limits.

Work Package

The work defined at the lowest level of the work breakdown structure for which cost and duration are estimated and managed.

بسته کاری: کار تعریف شده در پایین ترین سطح ساختار شکست کار که در آن سطح هزینه و مدت زمان برآورد و مدیریت می‌شود.

WBS Control Account, Planning Package, Work Package

Work Package (WP)

The work defined at the lowest level of the work breakdown structure (WBS) for which cost and duration can be estimated and managed. Each work package has a unique scope of work, budget, scheduled start and completion dates, and may only belong to one control account.

Work Performance Data

The raw observations and measurements identified during activities being performed to carry out the project work.

داده‌های اجرای کار یا پروژه: مشاهدات و مقادیر خام شناسایی شده در طول اجرای فعالیت‌های پروژه.

Work Performance Information

The performance data collected from controlling processes, analyzed in comparison with project management plan components, project documents, and other work performance information.

اطلاعات عملکردی كار یا پروژه: داده‌های اجرایی جمع‌آوری‌شده از فرآیندهای کنترلی، در مقایسه با اجزای برنامه مدیریت پروژه، اسناد پروژه و سایر اطلاعات عملکردی کار تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. بعبارتی از مقایسه داده‌های اجرای کار با برنامه‌های پروژه، اطلاعات عملکردی پروژه خلق می شود.

Work Performance Reports

The physical or electronic representation of work performance information compiled in project documents, intended to generate decisions, actions, or awareness.

گزارشات عملکردی کار/پروژه: نمایش فیزیکی یا الکترونیکی اطلاعات پردازش شده عملکرد کار/پروژه که در اسناد پروژه مستند شده که هدف آن خلق تصمیم‌ها، اقدامات و یا افزایش آگاهی ذینفعان می باشد.

Work Period

A date or part of a date identified as a time for performing work, which may be further divided into calendar units such as shifts, hours, or even minutes.

Work Product

An output produced as a result of some completion of work.

WP

work package

WSJF

weighted shortest job first

X

XP

eXtreme Programming

Page:  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  ...  82  (Next)
  ALL